{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T05:26:28Z","timestamp":1792301188179,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Caries Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"abstract":"<i>Background\/Aims:<\/i> Severe early childhood caries is a microbial infection that severely compromises the dentition of young children. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbiota of severe early childhood caries. <i>Methods:<\/i> Dental plaque samples from 2- to 6-year-old children were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing, and by specific PCR amplification for <i>Streptococcus mutans <\/i>and <i>Bifidobacteriaceae <\/i>species. <i>Results:<\/i> Children with severe caries (n = 39) had more dental plaque and gingival inflammation than caries-free children (n = 41). Analysis of phylotypes from operational taxonomic unit analysis of 16S rRNA clonal metalibraries from severe caries and caries-free children indicated that while libraries differed significantly (p < 0.0001), there was increased diversity than detected in this clonal analysis. Using the Human Oral Microbiome Database, 139 different taxa were identified. Within the limits of this study, caries-associated taxa included <i>Granulicatella elegans<\/i> (p < 0.01) and <i>Veillonella<\/i> sp. HOT-780 (p < 0.01). The species associated with caries-free children included <i>Capnocytophaga gingivalis<\/i> (p < 0.01), <i>Abiotrophia defectiva <\/i>(p < 0.01),<i> Lachnospiraceae<\/i> sp. HOT-100 (p < 0.05), <i>Streptococcus sanguinis <\/i>(p < 0.05) and <i>Streptococcus cristatus <\/i>(p < 0.05). By specific PCR, <i>S. mutans <\/i>(p < 0.005) and <i>Bifidobacteriaceae <\/i>spp. (p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with severe caries. <i>Conclusion:<\/i> Clonal analysis of 80 children identified a diverse microbiota that differed between severe caries and caries-free children, but the association of <i>S. mutans <\/i>with caries was from specific PCR analysis, not from clonal analysis, of samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000320158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,23]],"date-time":"2010-09-23T06:29:09Z","timestamp":1285223349000},"page":"485-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["Clonal Analysis of the Microbiota of Severe Early Childhood Caries"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Kanasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.E.","family":"Dewhirst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.I.","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kent, Jr.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.V.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.Y.","family":"Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.C.R.","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FJCM.01410-07"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FAEM.00556-06"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FJCM.40.3.1001-1009.2002"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FIAI.68.7.4018-4023.2000"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FJB.00983-08"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FJCM.43.2.843-849.2005"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkn879"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FJCM.43.11.5753-5759.2005"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FAEM.72.4.2837-2848.2006"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1752-7325.1999.tb03268.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073%2Fpnas.0407457101"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FAEM.02272-07"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FAEM.67.10.4399-4406.2001"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FAEM.67.8.3753-3755.2001"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177%2F0022034509360010"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FJCM.01622-06"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177%2F154405910208100812"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1399-302X.2008.00470.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000222659"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000047482"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FAEM.70.1.167-173.2004"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034%2Fj.1600-0528.2000.280408.x"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FJCM.42.7.3023-3029.2004"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FJB.183.12.3770-3783.2001"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FJCM.02411-07"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkm864"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086%2F344935"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FAEM.71.3.1501-1506.2005"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FAEM.01541-09"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1399-302X.2005.00253.x"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2F1471-2334-6-9"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128%2FAEM.67.9.4374-4376.2001"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000073390"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177%2F00220345960750040201"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1752-7325.2005.tb02780.x"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.1093857"}],"container-title":["Caries 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