{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:10:37Z","timestamp":1790507437614,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,24]],"date-time":"2010-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1282608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,24]],"date-time":"2010-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1282608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; There are few population-based studies on chronic nasal symptoms and little is known about their prevalence and determinants, or their association with allergic rhinitis and asthma. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; A questionnaire focused on respiratory symptoms and conditions was mailed in 2008 to 30,000 randomly selected subjects aged 16\u201375 years in West Sweden, 29,218 could be traced and 18,087 (62%) responded. The questionnaire included questions on self-reported allergic rhinitis, asthma, lower respiratory and nasal symptoms and possible determinants. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Nasal congestion was reported by 14.9% and runny nose by 13.1% of subjects. In total, 19.8% had chronic nasal symptoms. Subjects with chronic nasal symptoms had considerably more symptoms from the lower airways compared with nonrhinitic subjects and vice versa. Forty-seven percent of the subjects with chronic nasal symptoms had concurrent self-reported allergic rhinitis. Several hereditary and environmental factors were associated with chronic rhinitis, including family history of asthma [odds ratio (OR) 1.27; 95% confidence interval 1.07\u20131.50], family history of allergy (OR 1.74; 1.57\u20131.92) and current smoking (OR 1.39; 1.25\u20131.54). Further, chronic nasal symptoms were increasingly prevalent with an increasing degree of urbanization. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; The prevalence of chronic nasal symptoms in West Sweden was found to be high and strongly associated both with self-reported allergic rhinitis and symptoms from the lower airways. Moreover, several risk factors were identified for chronic nasal symptoms, including family history of allergy and asthma and smoking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000320230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,25]],"date-time":"2010-08-25T06:17:29Z","timestamp":1282717049000},"page":"155-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Prevalence of Chronic Nasal Symptoms in West Sweden: Risk Factors and Relation to Self-Reported Allergic Rhinitis and Lower Respiratory 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