{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:05:55Z","timestamp":1792098355541,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,11]],"date-time":"2010-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1289433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,11]],"date-time":"2010-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1289433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Kidney Blood Press Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aims:&lt;\/i&gt; Pioglitazone and other thiazolidinediones are renoprotective in diabetic nephropathy at doses that normalize glycemia, presumably as a consequence of glycemic control. However, low doses of pioglitazone that did not normalize glycemia in rat models of type 2 diabetes prevented tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis through counteracting inflammation, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, and fibrosis. The current work tested whether this low-dose treatment also reduces other fibrosis and inflammation factors in the diabetic kidney and prevents tubular cell loss, endothelial damage, and abnormal angiogenesis. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; ZDF fa\/fa rats (ZDF) were fed for 4 months chow with 0.001% pioglitazone, and the untreated ZDF and the non-diabetic lean Zucker rats (LZR) received regular chow. Proteinuria, creatinine clearance, blood pressure, and renal quantitative histopathology markers were determined. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Correction of renal function in ZDF by pioglitazone, occurring with a glycemia &gt;250 mg\/dl, was accompanied by normalization of the renal levels of connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin (fibrosis), TNF-\u03b1, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 (inflammation), megalin (tubular cells), the PCNA\/caspase-3 ratio (positive cell turnover), VEGF (abnormal angiogenesis), and the ratio between eNOS and iNOS (endothelial dysfunction). &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; This supports mechanisms for the renoprotective effects of pioglitazone in diabetes additional to glycemic control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000320380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,11]],"date-time":"2010-11-11T08:01:09Z","timestamp":1289462469000},"page":"20-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Antifibrotic Effects of Pioglitazone at 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