{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:18:32Z","timestamp":1772497112913,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) are highly burdensome diseases, which are increasing in prevalence, especially in the paediatric population. Despite the availability of a large number of medications for treatment of AR and CIU, their use in children has primarily been based on data obtained from a limited number of clinical trials in children and\/or testing in adults. The H&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;-antihistamines have traditionally been used as first-line treatment for the relief of both AR and CIU symptoms in children. The first-generation H&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;-antihistamines are associated with marked adverse effects such as sedation, sleepiness\/drowsiness as well as difficulties in learning and cognitive processing; thus, they are recommended for limited or discontinued use in children with AR or CIU. In contrast, second-generation H&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;-antihistamines are more adapted for the use in children with AR and CIU due to better safety profiles. However, only a limited number of trials with these agents have been conducted and generally, data from well-designed trials in children are lacking. Levocetirizine is one of the most extensively investigated H&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;-antihistamines for its pharmacologic properties, safety, efficacy as well as overall global satisfaction in children aged 2\u201312 years. Levocetirizine is the only H&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;-antihistamine launched in the 21st century shown to lack clinically relevant adverse effects on physical and psychomotor development or routine laboratory tests over a long-term period of 18 months in 1- to 3-year-old children predisposed to development of allergic disease. Available data suggest that levocetirizine is a suitable treatment option for AR and CIU in children aged 6 months to 12 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000321181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,22]],"date-time":"2011-02-22T08:59:16Z","timestamp":1298365156000},"page":"367-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Evidence for Clinical Safety, Efficacy, and Parent and Physician Perceptions of Levocetirizine for the Treatment of Children with Allergic 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