{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:25:33Z","timestamp":1787318733151,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,3]],"date-time":"2010-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,3]],"date-time":"2010-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<i>Purpose:<\/i> To investigate the effects of vardenafil HCl on testicular germ cell apoptosis and the expressions of iNOS and eNOS within the bilateral testes after unilateral torsion\/detorsion (T\/D) in a pig model. <i>Methods:<\/i> 12 male pigs weighing 50\u201355 kg were divided randomly into three groups (n = 4). Sham operation and T\/D was performed in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Group 3 underwent T\/D and received vardenafil (0.4 mg\/kg) orally 45 min before detorsion. The testes were left in torsion for 2 h. In all groups, both testes were removed 8 h after the operation for histopathological analysis. <i>Results:<\/i> Except for group 1, the histopathologic parameters of the ipsilateral testes were higher than in the contralateral testes, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Testicular ischemia\/reperfusion (I\/R) (group 2) resulted in marked increases in germ cell apoptosis, iNOS and eNOS in the ischemic testes compared to the sham-operated group. The pigs treated with vardenafil (group 3) also showed significantly increased apoptotic cells, iNOS and eNOS levels compared to the sham-operated group. <i>Conclusions:<\/i> The results suggest that vardenafil HCl worsened histopathological changes related to oxidative stress in testicular injury and had no protective effect on testicular I\/R injury in pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000321492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,18]],"date-time":"2011-03-18T04:39:56Z","timestamp":1300423196000},"page":"228-232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effects of Vardenafil on Testicular Torsion\/Detorsion Damage: An Experimental Study in Pigs"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Mustafa 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