{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:03:24Z","timestamp":1761919404357,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i> Irreversible airways obstruction in smokers is usually attributed to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We speculate that some of these are cases of asthma indistinguishable from COPD. <i>Objectives:<\/i> To determine the prevalence of asthma in a \u2018COPD\u2019 population and how to differentiate the two conditions. <i>Methods:<\/i> This was a prospective observational study of smokers fulfilling the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease definition of COPD [mean post-salbutamol forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1<\/sub>) 66.9% predicted]. They were classified into 4 groups, as follows: (1) inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-responsive asthma, defined by normalization of spirometry upon ICS treatment; (2) irreversible asthma, defined as airway obstruction for 1 year and bronchial biopsy indicating asthma; (3) COPD, in the presence of bilateral panlobular emphysema with bullae on high-resolution computed tomography, hypercapneic respiratory failure or bronchial biopsy indicating COPD, and (4) unclassified airflow limitation (AFL). <i>Results:<\/i> Eighty patients fulfilled the definition of COPD. The initial diagnosis was COPD in 57.5% and asthma in 42.5%. The final diagnosis was ICS-responsive asthma in 48 patients (60%), irreversible asthma in 8 (10%), COPD in 16 (20%) and unclassified AFL in 8 (10%). A normal transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide (KCO) and an FEV<sub>1<\/sub> fluctuation \u226718% during 1 year of follow-up distinguished irreversible asthma and COPD. Seven of the 8 patients with irreversible asthma had improved FEV<sub>1<\/sub> at the end of 1 year (median 320 ml compared with \u201329 ml in COPD). Five out of the 8 unclassified AFL cases had normal KCO and a large improvement in FEV<sub>1<\/sub> suggestive of irreversible asthma. <i>Conclusions:<\/i> COPD, even in heavy smokers, includes cases of asthma. FEV<sub>1<\/sub> fluctuation during 1 year is a novel concept which may distinguish irreversible asthma and COPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000323075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,31]],"date-time":"2011-01-31T13:06:01Z","timestamp":1296479161000},"page":"19-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Asthma Masquerading as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Study of Smokers Fulfilling the GOLD Definition of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Feisal A.","family":"Al-Kassimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah A.","family":"Abba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed S.","family":"Al-Hajjaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esam H.","family":"Alhamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Raddaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaffi Ahamed","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.123.4.1066"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.07-2317"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183%2F09031936.04.00014304"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164%2Frccm.2604008"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164%2Frccm.200203-183OC"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1440-1843.2009.01533.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1081-1206%2810%2963387-X"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034%2Fj.1399-3003.1999.14d27.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2FACI.0b013e3282f3b5b5"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fthx.2003.016899"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jaci.2007.01.055"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000064018"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.126.6.1840"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fthorax.55.8.635"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164%2Frccm.200305-648OC"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00063198-200301000-00002"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.112.5.1234"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1445-5994.2003.00485.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590%2FS1806-37132008000900007"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000090141"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fthorax.58.8.659"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fthorax.56.11.851"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1365-2222.1998.028s5187.x"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080%2F15412550500493261"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.125.5.1714"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378%2Fchest.83.1.17"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183%2F09031936.01.00234601"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000176385"}],"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/323075","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/323075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T19:17:46Z","timestamp":1745435866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000323075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000323075","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0025-7931"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0356"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}