{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:37:31Z","timestamp":1745469451971,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sex hormones are of interest regarding gender differences in the clinical manifestations of airway diseases. No conclusive data are available on the sex hormone modulation of \u03b2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses on airways. To this aim, isolated preparations of bovine trachea were used to establish the sex hormone influence on salbutamol-elicited relaxation. This had 2 components, a full acute relaxation followed by a loss of efficacy, close to half of the effect. The remaining half was reverted by the \u03b2-blocker, propranolol. The loss of salbutamol-elicited relaxation might reflect the receptor desensitization, as shown by the lack of effect by subsequent administration of salbutamol, and the decrease in the immunostaining of \u03b2&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;-adrenoceptors. Sex hormones differently modified the salbutamol-elicited response. Testosterone, but not other androgens or estradiol, had a synergic effect, facilitating the acute relaxation and decreasing the loss of spasmolytic effect, associated with an increase in the latency of desensitization and a decrease in the time taken to reach long-term steady-state tone. These effects, not modified by the antiandrogen flutamide or epithelium removal, seem to be independent of a modulation of \u03b2&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;-adrenoceptor desensitization. Testosterone also relaxed preparations with desensitized \u03b2-adrenoceptor. Therefore, testosterone modulates tracheal smooth muscle tone, facilitating bronchodilation caused by \u03b2&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;-adrenoceptor agonists which might be of pharmacological interest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000324315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,13]],"date-time":"2011-04-13T13:32:14Z","timestamp":1302701534000},"page":"249-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sex Hormones Modulate Salbutamol-Elicited Long-Term Relaxation in Isolated Bovine Tracheal 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