{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T17:39:42Z","timestamp":1775151582435,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,17]],"date-time":"2011-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,17]],"date-time":"2011-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intervirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; We have recently demonstrated that an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) can enter HIV particles and form a local hybrid at the highly conserved polypurine tract (PPT), the target site of the ODN. This hybrid is recognized by the retrovirus-specific RNase H, which is a virion-associated enzyme. It cleaves the RNA at local hybrids and thereby destroys viral infectivity. This mechanism has been described previously in a mouse model using an oncogenic retrovirus and was commented as driving HIV into suicide. The RNase H is one of four retrovirus-specific enzymes and not yet targeted by antiviral drugs. &lt;i&gt;Aims:&lt;\/i&gt; We wanted to analyze the tendency of ODNs to induce mutations in cell culture and its efficacy to inhibit HIV in humanized SCID mice. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;\/i&gt; We used cultures of CD4+ T cells infected with HIV-1 after serial passage in the presence of ODNs in the supernatant for up to 3 months, using Foscarnet as positive control, and treated HIV-infected huPBL-SCID mice repeatedly with ODN. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Treatment with ODN did not induce mutations of the PPT or the reverse transcriptase polymerase domain in vitro, whereas Foscarnet did. We furthermore demonstrate that ODNs inhibit HIV-1 replication in humanized HIV-infected SCID mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000324544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T14:27:13Z","timestamp":1320157633000},"page":"242-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Short Hairpin Loop-Structured Oligodeoxynucleotide Targeting the Virion-Associated RNase H of HIV Inhibits HIV Production in Cell Culture and in huPBL-SCID Mice"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Jochen","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Schols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Moelling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fnrd2424"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0042-6822%2874%2990302-X"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089%2Faid.2006.22.1220"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089%2Faid.1998.14.999"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089%2Faid.1996.12.1161"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fnbt1311"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.febslet.2006.05.033"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fnar%2F23.7.1204"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2FQAD.0b013e32831c5480"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.antiviral.2009.01.002"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00705-008-0262-z"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2F1743-422X-6-43"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158%2F1541-7786.MCR-09-0043"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.bbagen.2009.05.017"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089%2Foli.2008.0170"}],"container-title":["Intervirology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/324544","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/324544","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T19:32:30Z","timestamp":1745436750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000324544"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,17]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000324544","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5526","1423-0100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5526","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0100","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,17]]}}}