{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:01:16Z","timestamp":1791270076142,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;\/i&gt; Personality disorder functioning styles might contribute to the inconclusive findings about alexithymic features in schizophrenia. We therefore studied the relationship between alexithymia and personality styles in paranoid schizophrenia. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; We administered the Chinese versions of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Parker Personality Measure (PERM), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale as well as the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scales to 60 paranoid schizophrenia patients and 60 healthy control subjects. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Patients scored significantly higher on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, TAS \u2018difficulty identifying feelings\u2019 and \u2018difficulty describing feelings\u2019, Hamilton Depression Scale and most PERM scales. In healthy subjects, difficulty identifying feelings predicted the PERM \u2018dependent\u2019 style, and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale predicted difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings. In patients, difficulty identifying feelings nonspecifically predicted all the PERM scales; by contrast, the PERM \u2018antisocial\u2019 style predicted difficulty identifying feelings, the \u2018avoidant\u2019 style predicted difficulty describing feelings, and the \u2018histrionic\u2019 and \u2018paranoid (\u2013)\u2019 styles predicted \u2018externally oriented thinking\u2019. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; Personality disorder functioning styles \u2013 instead of anxiety, depression, psychotic symptoms or disease duration \u2013 were specifically associated with alexithymia scales in our patients, which sheds light on a cognitive-personological substrate in paranoid schizophrenia on the one hand, and calls for a longitudinal design to discover how premorbid or postacute residual personality styles contribute to the sluggish disorder on the 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