{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:10:11Z","timestamp":1791994211500,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of endogenous oscillations of <i>Per1, Per2, Bmal1 <\/i>and <i>Rev-erb<\/i>\u03b1 genes in rat pineal explants and to investigate their regulation by adrenergic ligands. Our results show a significant and sustained rhythm of <i>Per2,<\/i><i>Bmal1 <\/i>and <i>Rev-erb<\/i>\u03b1 gene expression for up to 48 h in cultured pineal gland with a pattern similar to that observed in vivo. By contrast, the rhythms of<i> Per1<\/i> and<i> Aa-nat,<\/i> the rate-limiting enzyme for melatonin synthesis, were strongly attenuated after 24 h in culture. Addition of the exogenous adrenergic agonist isoproterenol on cultured pineal glands induced a short-term increase in mRNA levels of <i>Per1<\/i> and <i>Aa-nat<\/i>, but not those of <i>Per2,<\/i><i>Bmal1 <\/i>and <i>Rev-erb<\/i>\u03b1. This study demonstrates that the rat pineal gland hosts a circadian oscillator as evidenced by the sustained, noradrenergic-independent, endogenous oscillations of <i>Per2, Bmal1<\/i> and <i>Rev-erb<\/i>\u03b1 mRNA levels in cultured tissues. Only expression of <i>Per1<\/i> was stimulated by adrenergic ligands suggesting that, in vivo, the adrenergic input could synchronize the pineal clock by acting selectively on <i>Per1<\/i>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000327430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,26]],"date-time":"2011-04-26T06:56:36Z","timestamp":1303800996000},"page":"75-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Noradrenergic Sensitive Endogenous Clock Is Present in the Rat Pineal 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