{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:36:43Z","timestamp":1745469403171,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]],"date-time":"2011-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]],"date-time":"2011-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nephron Clin Pract"],"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i> Tubular proteinuria and enzymuria are hallmarks of endemic nephropathy (EN). The role of I\/D angiotensin convertase <i>(ACE)<\/i> gene polymorphism has not yet been elucidated in this peculiar chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, and our aim was to investigate the role of this polymorphism in EN focusing on the urinary N-acetyl-\u03b2-<i>D<\/i>-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion, a biomarker of proximal tubular damage. <i>Methods:<\/i><i>ACE<\/i> genotype and allele frequencies were determined in 229 farmers (147 women and 82 men) from an endemic Croatian village. The farmers were stratified according to the WHO criteria into the following subgroups: those \u2018at risk\u2019 for EN (n = 37), \u2018suspected of having EN\u2019 (n = 57), and \u2018others\u2019 (n = 135). <i>Results:<\/i> There were 74 (32.3%) subjects homozygous for the <i>D<\/i> allele, 99 (43.2%) heterozygous (<i>ID <\/i>genotype) and 56 (24.4%) homozygous for the <i>I <\/i>allele. No differences in allele frequency were found between the established WHO subgroups (p > 0.05). In the whole group, <i>DD<\/i> subjects had significantly higher values of diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.003) and urinary NAG than subjects with <i>ID<\/i> and <i>II<\/i> genotype (5.5 \u00b1 1.2 vs. 4.0 \u00b1 3.0 vs. 3.8 \u00b1 4.2, respectively; p = 0.023). The highest values of serum creatinine (p = 0.02), proteinuria (p = 0.03) and urinary NAG (6.0 \u00b1 3.7 vs. 3.7 \u00b1 2.1 vs. 3.0 \u00b1 1.6, respectively; p = 0.008) were observed in those suspected of having EN group with the <i>DD<\/i> genotype. <i>Conclusion:<\/i><i>ACE<\/i> gene polymorphism is not a risk factor for EN. However, it might influence the clinical course of EN, and increased excretion of NAG might be a prognostic marker of this chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000327528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]],"date-time":"2011-07-08T17:15:58Z","timestamp":1310145358000},"page":"c105-c112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and N-Acetyl-\u03b2-<i>D<\/i>-Glucosaminidase Excretion in Endemic Nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Ivan","family":"Pe\u0107in","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dubravka","family":"\u010cvori\u0161\u0107ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marica","family":"Mileti\u0107-Medved","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u017divka","family":"Dika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ante","family":"Cvitkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ksenija","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ninoslav","family":"Leko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinko","family":"Novakovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jadranka","family":"Serti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Kos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bojan","family":"Jelakovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0278-6915%2892%2990032-G"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681%2FASN.2007050537"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1523-1755.2002.00240.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fndt%2Fgfm167"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073%2Fpnas.0701248104"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fki.1994.220"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298%2FMPNS0808400S"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2895%2991088-3"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337%2Fdiabetes.43.5.690"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215%2FCJN.02231205"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000045728"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000097367"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fndt%2Fgfl412"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0895-7061%2899%2900195-8"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1523-1755.2001.00769.x"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215%2FCJN.04140907"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172%2FJCI114470"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172%2FJCI115949"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJM199311113292004"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2896%2911445-8"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F01.ASN.0000032544.37147.AE"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681%2FASN.2005121324"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fki.1995.167"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080%2F08860220600925636"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0895-7061%2897%2990860-8"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000045120"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349%2Fymj.2005.46.6.779"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1440-1797.2003.00165.x"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00467-002-0968-1"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681%2FASN.2006030221"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1523-1755.2004.00905.x"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0895-7061%2895%2900449-1"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.ejheart.2003.07.009"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3378%2F1534-6617-80.3.303"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.jhh.1002229"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00126097-200102000-00005"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3317%2Fjraas.2007.006"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0009-8981%2800%2900236-9"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109%2F08860229909045192"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fndt%2F17.11.1890"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0009-8981%2800%2900237-0"},{"key":"ref42","doi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