{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T09:08:27Z","timestamp":1762160907632,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,7]],"date-time":"2011-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,7]],"date-time":"2011-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt; A myriad of transcription factors and inflammatory cytokines have been described to participate in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS). However, the innate immunity components \u2013 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) \u2013 have never been explored in this disease. We therefore investigated the expression of TLR2, 4 and 9 in the peripheral circulation of GBS patients as well as healthy controls. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Twenty-one GBS patients and 21 healthy donors participated in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for mRNA and protein analysis of TLR-related molecules. Also, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from different subjects were incubated with different TLR agonists and the subsequent IFN-\u03b3 secretion was determined. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Expression of TLR2, 4 and 9 as well as their related signaling molecules were higher in GBS patients compared to healthy controls. Disability scores of GBS patients had a strong positive correlation with the high levels of expression of TLR2, 4 and 9. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; The TLR signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of GBS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000328200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,4]],"date-time":"2011-11-04T08:23:30Z","timestamp":1320395010000},"page":"60-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Expression of Toll-Like Receptors 2, 4 and 9 in Patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 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