{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T22:26:07Z","timestamp":1759616767413,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the role of the cholinergic system in the modulation of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The paw pressure test was used with inflammatory pain induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan and neuropathic pain induced by sciatic nerve constriction. All drugs were locally administered into the right hindpaw of rats. Neostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (2, 4, 8 or 16 \u00b5g), inhibited the inflammatory pain induced by carrageenan (250 \u00b5g\/paw), but not the hyperalgesia induced by prostaglandin E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; (2 \u00b5g\/paw). Neostigmine (8 \u00b5g) increased the nociceptive threshold only in the treated paw, suggesting only a local effect. The muscarinic antagonist atropine (150, 300 and 600 \u00b5g) caused a reduction in the nociceptive threshold induced by carrageenan (125 \u00b5g\/paw), but not by prostaglandin E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; (1 \u00b5g\/paw). Atropine significantly decreased the nociceptive threshold only in the treated paw. On the other hand, in the presence of neuropathic pain, atropine (300 \u00b5g) did not alter the nociceptive threshold induced by constriction of the sciatic nerve. This study suggests that a peripheral endogenous cholinergic system involving muscarinic receptors may be activated during inflammation as a modulatory negative feedback control of inflammatory pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000328409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T08:25:20Z","timestamp":1309508720000},"page":"18-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Peripheral Control of Inflammatory but Not Neuropathic Pain by Endogenous Cholinergic System"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia G.","family":"Motta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea C.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela P.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor D.G.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs003930170003"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.bjp.0701735"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fpath.1711040103"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073%2Fpnas.80.2.594"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2899%2901307-0"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0014-2999%2801%2901303-6"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0304-3940%2891%2990758-L"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fcne.902290305"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0024-3205%2898%2900600-6"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0014-2999%2885%2990474-1"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0090-6980%2879%2990103-5"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0014-2999%2890%2990446-D"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0304-3959%2888%2990209-6"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.neubiorev.2003.11.008"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073%2Fpnas.96.14.7668"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0304-3959%2887%2990051-0"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0304-3940%2801%2902440-5"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fjnr.490370210"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2F1523-1747.ep12358588"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0163-7258%2897%2900085-5"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0024-3205%2803%2900082-1"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034%2Fj.1399-6576.2003.00212.x"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00000542-199811000-00007"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213%2F00000539-199301000-00031"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0304-3959%2890%2991074-S"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0304-3959%2892%2990041-9"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/328409","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/328409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T19:20:50Z","timestamp":1745436050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000328409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000328409","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-7012","1423-0313"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-7012"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0313"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}