{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T15:19:47Z","timestamp":1768749587992,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]],"date-time":"2011-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1308787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]],"date-time":"2011-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1308787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1) is an activating receptor on inflammatory cells upregulated by microbial products. Elevated levels of sTREM-1 have been associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with sepsis, severe pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). &lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;\/i&gt; The aim of this study was to define the role of sTREM-1 in acute exacerbations of COPD (AE-COPD) and to investigate the ability of sTREM-1 to differentiate between infectious triggers of AE-COPD. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Smokers without COPD (SM), patients with stable COPD (sCOPD) and patients with AE-COPD were prospectively recruited. sTREM-1 levels were determined by ELISA in serum. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were analyzed by sputum culture, and polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the presence of respiratory viruses. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; One hundred and ninety-five subjects were included: 64 sCOPD patients, 118 AE-COPD patients and 13 SM. In 62 (52.6%) AE-COPD patients, a respiratory pathogen was detected. Serum levels of sTREM-1 were barely detectable in SM but were significantly increased in patients with sCOPD [97.5 (interquartile value 76.6) pg\/ml] and AE-COPD [110.9 (98.5) pg\/ml; p &lt; 0.001]. There was no significant difference in sTREM-1 between sCOPD and AE-COPD (p = 0.277). However, in AE-COPD, sTREM-1 was significantly lower in patients with virus detection [87.5 (97.3) pg\/ml] compared to those without [120.3 (99.7) pg\/ml; p = 0.015]. No difference was found in AE-COPD patients with or without bacterial detection. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; The present study shows an increase in sTREM-1 in patients with COPD compared to SM but not in AE-COPD compared to sCOPD. Viral exacerbations showed significantly lower sTREM-1 levels than non-viral exacerbations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000328413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]],"date-time":"2011-06-23T07:18:15Z","timestamp":1308813495000},"page":"133-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Levels of Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 in Infectious Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Gernot","family":"Rohde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus P.","family":"Radsak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irmgard","family":"Borg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Buhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Schultze-Werninghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Taube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F01.qco.0000224815.89363.15"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fthx.2003.019588"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000111820"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000231973"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182%2Fblood-2007-01-069195"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0161-5890%2802%2900004-4"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2Fcc3732"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJMoa031544"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.cyto.2007.05.002"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1365-2249.2006.03158.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2Fcc7876"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fard.2008.089557"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172%2FJCI30602"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs10620-008-0514-5"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155%2F2007%2F52040"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513%2Fpats.200504-025SR"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055%2Fs-2005-869538"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080%2F00365540802484828"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fthorax.58.1.37"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000321355"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164%2Frccm.200506-859OC"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183%2F09031936.00109906"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164%2Frccm.200509-1525OC"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.coph.2006.11.014"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183%2F09031936.03.00088102"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055%2Fs-2006-933671"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000080043"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs15010-008-7327-5"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183%2F09031936.06.00005606"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F01.CCM.0000257480.45965.8C"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Frmed.2000.0857"}],"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/328413","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/328413","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T19:20:53Z","timestamp":1745436053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000328413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000328413","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7931","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]]}}}