{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T14:59:11Z","timestamp":1760799551365,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Before being able to react against infectious non-self-antigens, the immune system has to be educated in recognition and tolerance of neuroendocrine self-proteins. This sophisticated educational process takes place only in the thymus. The development of an autoimmune response directed to neuroendocrine glands has been shown to result from a thymus dysfunction in programming immunological self-tolerance to neuroendocrine-related antigens. This thymus dysfunction leads to a breakdown of immune homeostasis with an enrichment of \u2018forbidden\u2019 self-reactive T cells and a deficiency in self-antigen-specific natural regulatory T cells in the peripheral T lymphocyte repertoire. A large number of neuroendocrine self-antigens are expressed by the thymic epithelium, under the control of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene\/protein in the medulla. Based on the close homology and cross-tolerance between thymic type 1 diabetes-related self-antigens and peripheral antigens targeted in \u03b2-cells by autoimmunity, a novel type of vaccination is currently developed for the prevention and cure of type 1 diabetes. If this approach were found to be effective in reprogramming immunological tolerance that is absent or broken in this disease, it could pave the way for the design of negative\/tolerogenic self-vaccines against other endocrine and organ-specific autoimmune disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000329498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,21]],"date-time":"2011-09-21T10:19:20Z","timestamp":1316600360000},"page":"314-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Role of the Thymus in the Integrated Evolution of the Recombinase-Dependent Adaptive Immune Response and the Neuroendocrine System"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Mottet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Goffinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alisson","family":"Beckers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwennaelle","family":"Bodart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Morrhaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Kermani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Renard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Geenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fendo-5-5-543"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fbmj.2.5308.807"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2F29457"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fni1435"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fnature09655"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fnri2669"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.3961493"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fmend-4-8-1211"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0167-5699%2896%2910023-2"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0165-5728%2897%2900052-0"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0092-8674%2894%2990505-3"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jneuroim.2004.08.007"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Ficb.1972.1"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.1075958"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fhmg%2F11.4.397"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084%2Fjem.20050471"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.1159407"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146%2Fannurev.immunol.25.022106.141532"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fnri2450"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fembor.2008.11"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073%2Fpnas.0808470105"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Feji.201041024"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fdmrr.182"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337%2Fdiabetes.51.5.1383"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172%2FJCI200316584"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073%2Fpnas.1834450100"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fng0397-289"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fng0397-293"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Femboj.2009.212"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Far.1090470110"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.bbi.2006.11.010"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fer.21.4.412"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.coph.2010.04.015"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0005668"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324%2Fhaematol.2010.029702"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.coph.2010.04.005"}],"container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/329498","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/329498","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:20:08Z","timestamp":1745432408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000329498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000329498","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1021-7401","1423-0216"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1021-7401"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0216"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}