{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:04:27Z","timestamp":1770721467605,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,25]],"date-time":"2011-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,25]],"date-time":"2011-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Recent evidence suggests that cells other than Th-17 lymphocytes express interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F and contribute to the production of these cytokines in immunologically mediated diseases. B lymphocytes are known to be an important source of cytokines in chronic inflammatory diseases. We therefore investigated the potential of human B lymphocytes to produce IL-17A and IL-17F. Methods: Highly purified B cells were obtained using a multiple-step separation procedure which included rosette depletion, adherence depletion, CD3+ cell magnetic activated depletion and CD19+ magnetic activated positive cell selection. In these CD19+ B cell fractions, CD3+\/CD4+ and CD14+ cells were negligible (&lt;0.2%), and CD8 and CD161 mRNAs were undetectable. The CD19+\/CD20+ B cells were stimulated with IL-4, interferon-\u03b3, IL-6, IL-23 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b2, and the expression of IL-17A and IL-17F in response to stimulation was determined by quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, Western blot, immunocytochemistry and ELISA. Results: Evidence of expression of IL-17A and IL-17F in purified B cells was obtained using RT-PCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy, Western immunoblotting and ELISA. Stimulation of B cells with IL-6, IL-23 or TGF-\u03b2 upregulated the expression of both IL-17A and F cytokines. Conclusions: These novel findings provide evidence that cytokine-stimulated B lymphocytes could be a significant source of IL-17A and IL-17F and support the notion that these cells actively participate in immune responses via alternative mechanisms in addition to the classic release of antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000329527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,25]],"date-time":"2011-11-25T09:17:08Z","timestamp":1322212628000},"page":"406-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["IL-17A and IL-17F Expression in B 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