{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:57:57Z","timestamp":1788587877197,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Princ Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt; To determine the frequency of occurrence of hypoadrenalism in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and document the clinical correlates of hypoadrenalism for this group of patients. &lt;i&gt;Subjects and Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; A descriptive study was carried out on 66 hospitalized HIV patients in a semi-urban setting of South Africa. Hypoadrenalism was diagnosed based on a basal cortisol level of less than 400 nmol\/l with or without overt signs and symptoms. Clinical and biochemical parameters of hypoadrenalism were compared between subjects with suboptimal and normal cortisol levels. Statistical analysis included Student\u2019s t test, \u03c7&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;\/sup&gt; and Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient tests. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; The prevalence of hypoadrenalism was 27% with a high occurrence of contributory factors (cytomegalovirus infection in 100% and tuberculosis in 68.2% of the study subjects). Typical features of hypoadrenalism included: hyponatremia, 19.6%; hyperkalemia, 6.1%; mucosal hyperpigmentation, 12%, and loss of axillary hair, 15%. Comparison of clinical and biochemical parameters of hypoadrenalism did not show a correlation between CD4 count and cortisol levels (r = 0.1 and p = 0.3). &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; The prevalence of hypoadrenalism in our patients with HIV infection was high and the clinical features were comparable in subjects with normal and subnormal cortisol levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000330022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,5]],"date-time":"2011-10-05T07:05:15Z","timestamp":1317798315000},"page":"525-529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Basal Cortisol Levels and Correlates of Hypoadrenalism in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chukwuma O.","family":"Ekpebegh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthonia O.","family":"Ogbera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Longo-Mbenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Blanco-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajani","family":"Awotedu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Oluboyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00003246-200206000-00018"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2800%2904639-0"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0163-4453%2895%2991116-2"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fjc.79.6.1540"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507%2Fendocrj.49.641"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089%2Fapc.1997.11.339"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Farchinte.162.10.1095"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Fjama.252.9.1152"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00000441-200102000-00005"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590%2FS1413-86702001000200002"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1365-2265.1999.00625.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1365-2265.1987.tb00780.x"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210%2Fjc.74.3.608"}],"container-title":["Medical Principles and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/330022","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/330022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:25:04Z","timestamp":1745432704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000330022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000330022","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1011-7571","1423-0151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1011-7571","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0151","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}