{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T09:06:03Z","timestamp":1785229563260,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bortezomib (Velcade\u00ae) is a proteasome inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. It has been shown to inhibit the expression of cell adhesion molecules, co-stimulatory molecules, and NF\u0138B activation, to deplete alloreactive T lymphocytes, and to decrease Th1 cytokine production. The anti-inflammatory effects of bortezomib were further investigated in this current set of studies. Systemic treatment with bortezomib was efficacious in the thioglycolate-induced MCP-1 production model, and the dinitrofluorobenzene-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity model. Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that affects about 2% of the world population. Many treatments have been reported with varying degrees of efficacy. A topical bortezomib formulation was developed to minimize systemic exposure. Its tolerability was investigated in a topical imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model. Daily application of IMQ on mouse skin induced inflamed scaly skin lesions resembling plaque-type psoriasis. Fatality was observed in the 1-mg\/ml dose group. At 0.1 and 0.01 mg\/ml, bortezomib potentiated IMQ-induced erythema, scaling, skin thickening, and caused necrotic lesions. Lower doses had no effect on the clinical observations. Histologically, bortezomib dose-dependently increased parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. This study demonstrated that topical bortezomib is not suitable for the treatment of psoriasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000330067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,25]],"date-time":"2011-08-25T06:22:40Z","timestamp":1314253360000},"page":"100-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Bortezomib in Various in vivo Models"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Tung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter 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