{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:12:00Z","timestamp":1789517520232,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Persistent allergic rhinitis (PER) has a moderate impact on the sense of smell, but no controlled study has reported the effect of antihistamines on the loss of smell in patients with PER. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; Patients with PER and subjective loss of the sense of smell (n = 27) were included in this pilot randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nasal symptoms, nasal endoscopy, skin prick test, acoustic rhinometry, peak nasal inspiratory flow, nasal nitric oxide (nNO), and olfactometry (Barcelona Smell Test-24; BAST-24) were performed and evaluated in all PER patients at baseline and after 7 and 30 days of treatment with levocetirizine 5 mg or placebo. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; The study population was randomized into two homogeneous groups: levocetirizine (n = 14) and placebo groups (n = 13). The evolution of symptoms reflected the therapeutic effect of levocetirizine treatment on rhinorrhea, nasal itching, eye itching, sneezing, and the total symptoms score after 7 and 30 days. Significant improvement in loss of smell by a visual analog scale (VAS) was observed after 7 days of levocetirizine treatment (7.2 \u00b1 4.3; p &lt; 0.05) compared to placebo (\u20139.4 \u00b1 6.2). Improvement in smell identification by BAST-24 was strongly correlated (r = 0.72; p &lt; 0.05) with smell improvement by VAS after 30 days. After 7 days of treatment with levocetirizine, the nNO values decreased (\u2013494 \u00b1 188) compared to placebo (155 \u00b1 284 ppb; p &lt; 0.05). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; The CIRANO study suggests that levocetirizine is effective on PER symptoms, including a transient improvement in loss of smell, and that this improvement concurs more with reduction of nasal inflammation than of nasal patency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000331329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,26]],"date-time":"2012-01-26T12:16:56Z","timestamp":1327580216000},"page":"184-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The Loss of Smell in Persistent Allergic Rhinitis Is Improved by Levocetirizine due to Reduction of Nasal Inflammation but Not Nasal Congestion (the CIRANO Study)"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 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