{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:35:20Z","timestamp":1745469320778,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"Voltage-activated sodium channels play a primary role during ischemic brain edema and thus are a pharmacological target for therapy. Lidocaine, a sodium channel blocker, was tested in male Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with thiobarbital (60 mg\u00b7kg<sup>\u20131<\/sup> i.p.) and perfused i.v. with Ringer\u2019s solution (n = 9) or lidocaine (0.75 mg\u00b7kg<sup>\u20131<\/sup>, n = 9, or 1.5 mg\u00b7kg<sup>\u20131<\/sup>, n = 6). Two tungsten microelectrodes were implanted in the cerebral cortex to register changes in tissue impedance in response to the voltage fall of a square wave electric pulse (100 \u00b5A, 10 ms), before and after infusion of lidocaine or Ringer\u2019s solution and during global cerebral ischemia due to a respiratory arrest induced by <i>D<\/i>-tubocurarine. Lidocaine infusion under normoxic conditions did not change voltage values (Mann-Whitney U = 51; p > 0.05). In animals infused with Ringer\u2019s solution, the voltage fall induced by global cerebral ischemia was fast for \u223c8 min at \u20138.0 \u00b1 2.3%\u00b7min<sup>\u20131<\/sup> followed by a slow decay at \u20130.96 \u00b1 0.17%\u00b7min<sup>\u20131<\/sup>. The time constant of voltage decay (\u03bb) was 215.6 s (F = 547.4; p = 0.00000). Voltage values of lidocaine-infused animals were significantly higher than those of rats infused with Ringer\u2019s solution (U = 100; p = 0.000089). The decay rates were \u20134.97 \u00b1 1.36%\u00b7min<sup>\u20131<\/sup> (fast phase) and \u20131.04 \u00b1 0.3%\u00b7min<sup>\u20131<\/sup> (slow phase) with \u03bb = 672.5 s (+211.9%; p = 0.000000). These results suggest that lidocaine significantly reduced cerebral impedance, hence exerting a strong early anti-edema effect probably by blocking voltage-activated sodium channels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000334274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]],"date-time":"2011-11-21T07:47:05Z","timestamp":1321861625000},"page":"316-321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Time Course of Acute Neuroprotective Effects of Lidocaine Evaluated by Brain Impedanciometry in the Global Ischemia Model"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Wix-Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Eblen-Zajjur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,19]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref1","DOI":"10.2174%2F1381612054546833"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref2","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0006-8993%2899%2901417-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref3","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0306-4522%2801%2900035-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref4","DOI":"10.1097%2F00000542-198109000-00013"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref5","DOI":"10.1159%2F000115238"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref6","DOI":"10.1097%2F00000542-200108000-00029"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref7","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1053-0770%2899%2990083-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref8","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.21.6.929"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref9","DOI":"10.3171%2Fjns.1989.70.1.0097"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref10","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.20.1.119"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref11","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF03026897"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref12","DOI":"10.1152%2Fphysiol.00015.2009"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref13","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2807%2970055-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref14","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.neuroscience.2004.06.074"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref15","DOI":"10.1080%2F02699050600910068"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref16","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0165-0270%2896%2902200-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref17","DOI":"10.1016%2F0165-0270%2894%2900209-Y"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref18","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.tips.2008.02.003"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref19","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1053-0770%2899%2990083-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref20","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF03006535"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref21","DOI":"10.1097%2F01.aco.0000245271.84539.4c"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref22","DOI":"10.1016%2F0304-3940%2894%2990942-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref23","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0090-3019%2803%2900159-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref24","DOI":"10.1161%2FSTROKEAHA.108.531236"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/334274","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/334274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:46:28Z","timestamp":1745433988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000334274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000334274","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-7012","1423-0313"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-7012"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0313"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}