{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:34:27Z","timestamp":1789436067895,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<i>Background:<\/i> Curcumin is the active principle of <i>Curcuma longa<\/i>, one of the widely used components in the traditional system of medicine in India. Despite its efficacy in experimental studies aiming at neuronal disorders like depression, curcu-min's poor water solubility challenges the production of therapeutic formulations. This study investigates the antidepressant-like activity of novel water-soluble curcumin formulations, dispensed in three different concentrations. Further, the study comparatively evaluates St. John's wort (SJW), another herbal preparation. <i>Methods:<\/i> These compounds were evaluated in the forced swimming test in mice, and the corresponding changes in the neurotransmitter levels were measured. <i>Results:<\/i> Three water-soluble curcumin formulations, C-5, C-20 and C-50 (50-200 mg\/kg p.o.) decreased the immobility period, and increased serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain tissues. A subeffective dose (50 mg\/kg) of these formulations enhanced the antidepressant-like effect of classical antidepressants with varied mechanisms of action. In addition, an SJW dose of 25 mg\/kg showed a significant antidepressant-like effect in all the behavioral studies and also significantly increased brain neurotransmitter levels, especially that of serotonin. The effects produced by C-5 were comparable with those of SJW and fluoxetine, respectively. <i>Conclusion:<\/i> In all these observations, the water-soluble formulations showed a significant antidepressant-like effect, including enhancement of neurotransmitter levels as compared to the similar dose of a conventional curcumin preparation. Thus, these formulations may be used as a novel treatment option in the management of mental depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000335660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]],"date-time":"2012-02-15T10:09:05Z","timestamp":1329300545000},"page":"83-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Evaluation of Antidepressant-Like Activity of Novel Water-Soluble Curcumin Formulations and St. John's Wort in Behavioral Paradigms of Despair"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"S.K.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran Kumar","family":"Akula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayant","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174%2F092986711797200417"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100%2Ftsw.2009.137"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2Fjcp.0b013e318160862c"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00018-008-7452-4"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.canlet.2007.03.005"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088%2FJCP.8157su1c.05"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089%2F109662002763003366"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00406-007-0779-2"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs10354-007-0440-8"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1043-6618%2802%2900266-9"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF00429665"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF00310623"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080%2F13556210500352964"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103%2F0250-474X.65012"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00213-008-1300-y"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021%2Fmp700113r"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/335660","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/335660","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:59:27Z","timestamp":1745434767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000335660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000335660","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.5123188","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0031-7012","1423-0313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-7012","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}