{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:23:28Z","timestamp":1790396608914,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> UVB light can generate potentially harmful hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>) in vivo, but it can also promote the beneficial proliferation and migration of melanocytes. The successful use of UVB monotherapy for treatment of vitiligo suggests that H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> may have a biphasic effect on melanin synthesis and melanosome transfer. <b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> To study the beneficial role of H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> on melanogenesis and melanosome transport in living melanocytes and keratinocytes. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> A co-culture system model was constructed using the primary human melanocytes and keratinocytes. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to determine cell proliferation, NaOH was used to determine the melanin content, and real-time PCR was used to determine tyrosinase expression. Western blot was used to determine Rab-27A and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) expression. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> This study demonstrated that tyrosinase was activated by low concentrations of H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> (\u22640.3 m<i>M<\/i>); however, this activity was downregulated by high concentrations of H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> (>0.3 m<i>M<\/i>). Activation of high levels of melanin synthesis was induced when cells were treated with low concentrations of H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> (0.3 m<i>M<\/i>). Further observation using an in vitro co-culture system of fluorescein (carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, CFDA-SE)-labeled melanocytes and keratinocytes indicated that melanosome transfer occurred in normal human epidermal melanocytes. Fluorescence microscopy revealed increased melanosome transfer into keratinocytes treated with 0.3 m<i>M<\/i> H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> in the co-culture compared to the control. Examination of melanosomes in the keratinocytes by flow cytometry confirmed these results. Furthermore, treatment with H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> (0.3 m<i>M<\/i>) upregulated the expression of Rab-27A and PAR-2, significant proteins involved in melanosome transfer, according to Western blot. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> These results confirmed that low concentration levels of H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> play a major role in the regulation of human pigmentation by increasing melanin synthesis and melanosome transfer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000336777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]],"date-time":"2012-05-03T08:13:38Z","timestamp":1336032818000},"page":"145-153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Oxidation Levels Differentially Impact Melanocytes: Low versus High Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide Promotes Melanin Synthesis and Melanosome Transfer"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Luyan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kefei","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000275657"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2F1523-1747.ep12335801"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042%2FCS20090603"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1365-2249.2003.02104.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2F1523-1747.ep12500086"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1600-0560.1983.tb00328.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2F1523-1747.ep12480976"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2F1096-9896%282000%299999%3A9999%3C%3A%3AAID-PATH659%3E3.0.CO%3B2-D"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.0022-202x.2001.01459.x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.0022-202X.2004.22230.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.0022-202X.2005.23661.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000029867"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.jidsp.5640189"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034%2Fj.1600-0749.2002.02044.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.jid.5700612"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.bbrc.2006.01.124"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.bbrc.2004.07.082"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034%2Fj.1600-0625.12.s2.1.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1600-0749.2004.00133.x"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034%2Fj.1600-0749.2001.140402.x"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1523-1747.2003.12427.x"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.0022-202x.2001.01575.x"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083%2Fjcb.152.4.795"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1600-0749.2006.00329.x"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006%2Fabio.2002.5665"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248%2Fbpb.32.1447"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.bbrc.2004.10.185"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1600-0625.1996.tb00125.x"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0006-3002%2863%2991138-7"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034%2Fj.1600-0749.2001.140308.x"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2F1523-1747.ep12709595"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1365-2133.2005.06780.x"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1600-0749.2004.00198.x"}],"container-title":["Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/336777","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/336777","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T19:09:09Z","timestamp":1745435349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000336777"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000336777","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8665","1421-9832"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8665","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9832","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}