{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T09:29:49Z","timestamp":1759742989168,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Cytologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> To report the prevalence of <i>Gardnerella<\/i>, <i>Trichomonas<\/i> and <i>Candida<\/i> in the cervical smears of 9 immigrant groups participating in the Dutch national cervical screening program. <b><i>Study Design:<\/i><\/b> Cervical smears were taken from 58,904 immigrant participants and 498,405 Dutch participants. As part of the routine screening process, all smears were screened for the overgrowth of <i>Gardnerella<\/i> (i.e. smears with an abundance of clue cells) and for the presence of <i>Trichomonas<\/i> and <i>Candida<\/i>. The smears were screened by 6 laboratories, all of which use the Dutch KOPAC coding system. The odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated for the 9 immigrant groups and compared to Dutch participants. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Immigrants from Suriname, Turkey and the Dutch Antilles have a 2\u20135 times higher prevalence of <i>Gardnerella<\/i> and <i>Trichomonas<\/i> when compared to native Dutch women. Interestingly, the prevalence of <i>Trichomonas<\/i> in cervical smears of Moroccan immigrants is twice as high, yet the prevalence of <i>Gardnerella<\/i> is 3 times lower than in native Dutch women. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Immigrants with a high prevalence of <i>Gardnerella<\/i> also have a high prevalence of <i>Trichomonas<\/i>. In the context of the increased risk of squamous abnormalities in smears with <i>Gardnerella<\/i>, such slides should be screened with extra care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000336992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]],"date-time":"2012-04-25T10:40:58Z","timestamp":1335350458000},"page":"242-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<b><i>Gardnerella<\/i><\/b>,<b><i> Trichomonas <\/i><\/b>and <b><i>Candida <\/i><\/b>in Cervical Smears of 58,904 Immigrants Participating in the Dutch National Cervical Screening Program"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Mathilde E.","family":"Boon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penny A.","family":"Holloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Breijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. Romke","family":"Bontekoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fbmj.39335.541782.AD"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fjcp.2003.011841"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fcncr.10924"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1525-1438.2006.00632.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fcncr.22947"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fdc.20708"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2008.04.036"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000325338"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000324965"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fdc.20374"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fbmj.320.7247.1468"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000326030"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fdc.20793"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2F1471-2334-10-81"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jep.2007.11.003"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.ejogrb.2004.10.011"}],"container-title":["Acta Cytologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/336992","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/336992","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T19:11:23Z","timestamp":1745435483000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000336992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000336992","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5547","1938-2650"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0001-5547"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1938-2650"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}