{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:56:27Z","timestamp":1790920587397,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Addict Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Although awareness of the misuse of medicines is increasing, data on the extent of the problem in the European Union (EU) are lacking. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In order to assess the magnitude and severity of the problem, a systematic review of the literature on the misuse of analgesics, opioid substitution medicines and sedatives\/hypnotics (with the exception of benzodiazepines) was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Relevant literature was identified between 2001 and 2011. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The main groups of misused medicines include opioid analgesics, methadone, buprenorphine and Z-drugs. Regional trends in medicine misuse indicate heterogeneity across the EU with respect to misused medicine types and research activities. Prevalence, high-risk populations and factors contributing to medicine misuse are discussed. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The implications of these findings for prevention, treatment, and policy in the EU are considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000337028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]],"date-time":"2012-05-04T08:55:51Z","timestamp":1336121751000},"page":"228-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["Misuse of Medicines in the European Union: A Systematic Review of the 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