{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T19:00:11Z","timestamp":1761418811009,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Sudden cardiac death is higher among schizophrenic patients and is associated with parasympathetic hypoactivity. Antipsychotic agents are highly suspected to be a precipitating factor. Thus, we aimed to test if the antipsychotics haloperidol, risperidone and clozapine affect cardiac autonomic function, excluding the confounding effect of altered sleep structure by the drugs. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In this study, haloperidol, risperidone and clozapine were given separately by intraperitoneal injection to male Wistar-Kyoto rats for 5 days. Electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and electrocardiographic signals were recorded at baseline and 5 days after drug treatments. Sleep scoring was based on EEG and EMG signals. Cardiac autonomic function was assessed using heart rate variability analysis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Clozapine increased heart rate and suppressed cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Cardiac acceleration was more severe during sleep. Haloperidol tended to decrease heart rate while risperidone mildly increased heart rate; however, their effects were less obvious than those of clozapine. There was a significant drug-by-stage interaction on several heart rate variability measures. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Taking this evidence as a whole, we conclude that haloperidol has a better level of cardiovascular safety than either risperidone or clozapine. Application of this approach to other psychotropic agents in the future will be a useful and helpful way to evaluate the cardiovascular safety of the various psychotropic medications that are in clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000337459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,25]],"date-time":"2012-05-25T11:21:04Z","timestamp":1337944864000},"page":"216-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influence of Antipsychotic Agents on Heart Rate Variability in Male WKY Rats: Implications for Cardiovascular Safety"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Ying-Chieh","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry 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