{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T10:53:36Z","timestamp":1776423216547,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Dopamine has been proven to be toxic for melanocytes. In vitiligo patients the level of dopamine is increased and the functioning of several enzymes participating in the dopamine pathway is changed. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> With the use of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA the expression of genes connected to the dopamine pathway <i>(PAH, PCD, TH, DDC, DBH, PNMT, GPX1, MAOA, MAOB, COMT, DRD1\u2013DRD5, VMAT1<\/i> and <i>VMAT2)<\/i> was observed in vitiligo patients\u2019 and control subjects\u2019 skin and blood. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> The mRNA expression of <i>GPX1<\/i>, <i>DDC<\/i>, <i>MAOA, DRD1 <\/i>and<i> DRD5<\/i> differs in vitiligo skin and the protein level of DDC, MAOA, MAOB, DRD1 and DRD5 is changed in vitiligo patients\u2019 skin and\/or blood sera. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> The dopamine pathway probably influences melanogenesis directly or through the melanocortin pathway. We provide new data about changes of expression profile of the dopamine-synthesizing enzyme DDC, the dopamine-degrading enzymes MAOA and MAOB and the D1-like family dopamine receptors in vitiligo skin and blood sera.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000338023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]],"date-time":"2012-05-04T08:56:11Z","timestamp":1336121771000},"page":"168-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Expression Profile of Genes Associated with the Dopamine Pathway in Vitiligo Skin Biopsies and Blood 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