{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:54:24Z","timestamp":1787957664839,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,8]],"date-time":"2012-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,8]],"date-time":"2012-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nephron Clin Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Aims: Renal manifestations have been described in \u03b2-thalassemia major and were attributed to transfusional iron overload and chelation therapy. Patients with the milder phenotype, \u03b2-thalassemia intermedia (TI), remain largely transfusion and iron chelation independent while enduring a chronic hemolytic anemia and primary iron overload. Data on renal function in patients with TI is lacking. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 50 TI patients, we evaluated the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary protein to creatinine (UPr\/UCr) ratio with relevant patient, disease and laboratory indices. Results: The median age of patients was 28 years (44% males). The eGFR was &gt;90 ml\/min\/1.73 m2 in all patients, with a median value of 142.3 ml\/min\/1.73 m2. The median UPr\/UCr ratio was 213.2 mg\/g. There was a negative correlation between age and eGFR, while the UPr\/UCr ratio correlated positively with markers of anemia, hemolysis and iron overload. A total of 24 (48%) patients had evidence of glomerular hyperfiltration, while 7 (14%) had proteinuria (UPr\/UCr ratio &gt;500 mg\/g). Patients with proteinuria were characterized by elevated liver iron concentration (&gt;7 mg Fe\/g dry weight), non-transferrin-bound iron levels and nucleated red blood cell counts. Conclusions: A considerable proportion of TI patients show evidence of abnormally elevated eGFR, with a declining trend towards advancing age. The occurrence of proteinuria is associated with anemia, hemolysis and iron toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000339787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]],"date-time":"2012-12-10T09:02:57Z","timestamp":1355130177000},"page":"c136-c143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Glomerular Hyperfiltration and Proteinuria in Transfusion-Independent Patients with \u03b2-Thalassemia Intermedia"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Fuad N.","family":"Ziyadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled M.","family":"Musallam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naji 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