{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:34:34Z","timestamp":1745469274405,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]],"date-time":"2012-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1348012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]],"date-time":"2012-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1348012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Addict Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In Southeastern Europe, similar to other postsocialist regions on the continent, injection drug users (IDU) are exposed to a high risk of blood-borne infections. In this paper, we report the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) among IDUs in Montenegro. We also examine the risk factors associated with HCV diagnosis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In 2008, 322 IDUs in Montenegro participated in a respondent-driven sampling survey. Blood specimens were collected and tested for HIV, HCV and HBV. Behavioral data were collected with self-administered questionnaires. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In comparison to 2005, HCV prevalence had increased from an estimated 22 to 53.7%. Only one HIV and no HBV cases were detected. Anti-HCV positivity was associated with the region of origin, income, sharing injection equipment and frequency of injecting drugs. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The increasing HCV prevalence among IDUs in Montenegro calls for increased and better designed programs to prevent its further spread and a potential HIV outbreak.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000339840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]],"date-time":"2012-09-19T09:49:59Z","timestamp":1348048199000},"page":"68-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Related Risk Factors among Injection Drug Users in Montenegro"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Valerio","family":"Ba\u0107ak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dragan","family":"Lau\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boban","family":"Mugo\u0161a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Vratnica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nata\u0161a","family":"Terzi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00002030-200411190-00010"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2803%2912831-0"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258%2F095646203765371231"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fbmj.331.7510.220"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.329.5988.160"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fsti.2008.031195"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F01.aids.0000247586.23696.20"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.2006.01317.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0376-8716%2806%2980006-2"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2F1471-2334-9-14"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525%2Fsp.1997.44.2.03x0221m"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525%2Fsp.2002.49.1.11"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1467-9531.2007.00188.x"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080%2F09540120600722742"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521%2Faeap.16.4.353.40395"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.drugpo.2007.04.004"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.drugpo.2011.08.004"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000329931"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fjhep.2002.35065"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00002030-200004140-00011"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.2008.02306.x"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109%2F10826081003590938"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fbjc%2F39.4.488"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs10461-011-0032-x"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000313334"}],"container-title":["European Addiction Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/339840","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/339840","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:33:09Z","timestamp":1745433189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000339840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000339840","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1022-6877","1421-9891"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1022-6877"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9891"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]]}}}