{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T19:31:31Z","timestamp":1791660691389,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]],"date-time":"2012-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]],"date-time":"2012-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the pathogenesis of which both Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes have been described as being involved. The NK-associated molecule CD161 has recently been described as a marker of IL-17-producing lymphocytes. In this work we assessed the presence and the functional features of CD161 T helper lymphocytes infiltrating CD-associated perianal fistulas, both before and after inoculation of anti-TNF-\u03b1 mAbs along the fistula. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In a group of 9 CD patients with fistulizing perianal disease, we evaluated phenotypic and functional features of T cells recovered from the fistula, comparing them with peripheral blood (PB) T lymphocytes. Moreover, the effects anti-TNF-\u03b1 mAbs injections along the fistula in terms of ability to reduce the inflammatory infiltrate and to determine fistula disappearance were assessed. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In CD patients with fistulizing disease there is an accumulation of CD161+ T helper lymphocytes, with higher frequencies of Th1, Th17 and Th17\/Th1 cells in the fistula than in PB. Local anti-TNF-\u03b1 administration is associated with fistula resolution in the majority of patients with disappearance of infiltrating T lymphocytes, without any systemic effect in circulating effector T cells. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; These findings suggest that CD4+CD161+ T cells with Th17, Th17\/Th1 and Th1 phenotype accumulate in CD perianal fistulas, and indicate local anti-TNF-\u03b1 mAbs administration along the fistula as a promising tool for the treatment of these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000343467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,17]],"date-time":"2012-12-17T09:19:39Z","timestamp":1355735979000},"page":"81-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["CD4+CD161+ T Lymphocytes Infiltrate Crohn\u2019s Disease-Associated Perianal Fistulas and Are Reduced by Anti-TNF-\u03b1 Local Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Maggi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Capone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Giudici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Santarlasci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Querci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Liotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Ficari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Tonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Annunziato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cosmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJMra0804647"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0952-7915%2897%2980180-X"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084%2Fjem.20070663"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084%2Fjem.20080397"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Feji.200940257"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fajg.2010.392"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080%2F00365520600609941"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Farchsurg.137.7.774"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fj.gastro.2011.02.016"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1600-065X.2008.00712.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs12026-007-8014-9"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fart.30332"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.cyto.2011.08.036"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053%2Fj.gastro.2008.07.014"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.immuni.2011.12.013"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.imbio.2011.07.006"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056%2FNEJMoa011110"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs10350-004-0832-4"}],"container-title":["International 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