{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T01:41:00Z","timestamp":1768095660802,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are two autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating diseases in the central nervous system. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of these diseases. High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) can activate the nuclear factor &lt;!-- NICHT DEFINIERT -Kleines Kapitaelchen K --&gt; light chain enhancer of activated B cells and release cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-17. However, whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HMGB1 levels were altered in NMO and MS patients is still unclear. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; It was our aim to measure the CSF HMGB1 concentration in NMO patients and explore their relationship with IL-6, IL-17 and disease activity. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; CSF HMGB1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in NMO (n = 22) and MS (n = 18) patients as well as in controls (n = 14). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; CSF HMGB1 was notably higher in the NMO group compared with controls (p = 0.007). CSF HMGB1 positively correlated with IL-6 and IL-17 in NMO patients (IL-6, p = 0.034; IL-17, p &lt; 0.001). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In conclusion, our study suggests that CSF levels of HMGB1 are increased in patients with NMO and reflect the neuroinflammatory process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000345994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T07:53:03Z","timestamp":1358149983000},"page":"113-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Cerebrospinal Fluid High-Mobility Group Box Protein 1 in Neuromyelitis Optica and Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Honghao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangcheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueqiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2005.tb00523.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000336981"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1444.002"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200424916"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2006.07.019"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/BLL_2012_039"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.03.007"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-030409-101323"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e31824ed6b7"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2011.575360"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306793200"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1457"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22541"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903131"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2008.09.006"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/295081"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.11.005"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.01.031"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.03.009"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000339302"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5425.248"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3732-10.2011"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719109336621"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws012"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1207844"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040391"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2011.241760"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5274-4"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141879"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2010.0019"}],"container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/345994","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/345994","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:42:05Z","timestamp":1745433725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000345994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000345994","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1021-7401","1423-0216"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1021-7401","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0216","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}