{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:10:04Z","timestamp":1780567804778,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causal agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP). While the immune response to HTLV-1 infection is polarized to the Th1-type, chronic helminth infections drive the Th2- and T regulatory-type, and are able to downregulate the inflammatory response in some autoimmune diseases. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To evaluate whether &lt;i&gt;Schistosoma &lt;\/i&gt;spp. antigens alter the in vitro cytokine response in HTLV-1 infection. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The recombinant &lt;i&gt;Schistosoma&lt;\/i&gt; antigens Sm29 and ShTSP2 (tetraspanin) and PIII, a fraction of &lt;i&gt;the Schistosoma mansoni&lt;\/i&gt; adult worm antigen were added to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures of HTLV-1-infected individuals and the levels of interferon (IFN)-&amp;#947; and interleukin (IL)-10 in the supernatants were measured using the ELISA sandwich technique. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Compared to the levels of cytokine in nonstimulated cultures, the levels of IFN-&amp;#947; were reduced in 50, 47 and 50% of patients by the presence of Sm29, ShTsp2 and PIII, respectively. The downregulation of IFN-&amp;#947; production in the presence of Sm29 antigen was observed mainly in subjects who had lower basal levels of this cytokine. The levels of IL-10, however, increased by the addition of the three antigens in the cultures in 74, 62 and 44% of individuals, respectively. In addition, there was a decrease in the ratio of IFN-&amp;#947;\/IL-10 levels in cultures stimulated with Sm29 and ShTSP2 when compared to nonstimulated ones. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The &lt;i&gt;Schistosoma &lt;\/i&gt;spp. antigens used in this study were able to downmodulate IFN-&amp;#947; production in vitro in HTLV-1 infection. This may be associated with the increased levels of IL-10 induced by the antigens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000348700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,7]],"date-time":"2013-06-07T06:56:03Z","timestamp":1370588163000},"page":"233-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Schistosoma&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Antigens Downmodulate the in vitro Inflammatory Response in Individuals Infected with Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Luciane Mota","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvane Braga","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Riccio","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Santos","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio Costa","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo Miranda","family":"G\u00f3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Loukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Ilma","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91298-5"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1997.37297203532.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1993.9.381"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04188.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.51.6.769"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901335"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.475"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-7"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1999.00213.x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2006.00431.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03081.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001348"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000066105"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-6-1"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427560"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762006000900055"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.20459"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.04084.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03252.x"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000097259"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00783-07"}],"container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/348700","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/348700","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:57:58Z","timestamp":1745434678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000348700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000348700","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1021-7401","1423-0216"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1021-7401","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0216","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}