{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:00:25Z","timestamp":1780394425020,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Severe refractory atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, debilitating condition that is associated with elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and OX40 ligand (OX40L) are important immunologic factors involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Omalizumab, an anti-IgE antibody indicated for use in allergic asthma, is implicated in regulating allergen presentation by dendritic cells and the T cell response during the effector phases of allergic disease. We investigated if anti-IgE therapy modulates the allergen-specific responses mediated by the TSLP pathway in young patients with severe refractory AD. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 8 patients between the ages of 4 and 22 years (mean = 11.6 years) with severe refractory AD (clinical trials.gov NCT01678092). Serum IgE ranged from 218 to 1,890 (mean = 1,068 IU\/ml). Subjects received omalizumab (n = 4) or placebo (n = 4) every 2-4 weeks over 24 weeks using a regimen extrapolated from the package insert. TSLP, TARC, OX40L and other cytokines involved in AD were measured by using cytometric bead arrays. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; All patients receiving omalizumab had strikingly decreased levels of TSLP, OX40L, TARC (involved in Th2 polarization) and interleukin (IL)-9 compared to placebo. In addition, there was a marked increase in IL-10, a tolerogenic cytokine, in the omalizumab-treated group. Patients on anti-IgE therapy had an improvement in clinical outcomes as measured by the SCORAD system; however, these effects were comparable to improvements in the control group. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Anti-IgE therapy with omalizumab decreases levels of cytokines that are involved in Th2 polarization and allergic inflammation, including TSLP, TARC and OX40L.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000350486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,26]],"date-time":"2013-06-26T11:42:30Z","timestamp":1372246950000},"page":"89-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Immunologic Effects of Omalizumab in Children with Severe Refractory Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Shuba Rajashri","family":"Iyengar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth G.","family":"Hoyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Loza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Bonaccorso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale T.","family":"Umetsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari Christine","family":"Nadeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1081-1206%2810%2962175-8"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jaci.2003.10.003"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046%2Fj.1440-1754.1999.00343.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fnrm910"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1398-9995.2009.01947.x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146%2Fannurev.immunol.25.022106.141718"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0033271"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jaci.2007.08.060"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2F2047-783X-16-9-407"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jim.2005.06.008"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000247298"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jaci.2007.01.003"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067%2Fmai.2001.113237"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1398-9995.2009.02201.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jaci.2009.10.021"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fmi.2012.5"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jaci.2010.12.1111"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084%2Fjem.20051745"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084%2Fjem.20041503"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172%2FJCI33559"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186%2F1710-1492-7-S2-A33"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/350486","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/350486","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:18:12Z","timestamp":1745432292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000350486"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000350486","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-2438","1423-0097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-2438","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0097","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}