{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T12:15:37Z","timestamp":1764332137776,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common complications after preterm birth and is associated with intrauterine exposure to bacteria. Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF\u03b2) is implicated in the development of BPD. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We hypothesized that different and\/or multiple bacterial signals could elicit divergent TGF\u03b2 signaling responses in the developing lung. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Time-mated pregnant Merino ewes received an intra-amniotic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and\/or &lt;i&gt;Ureaplasma parvum&lt;\/i&gt; serovar 3 (UP) at 117 days' and\/or 121\/122 days' gestational age (GA). Controls received an equivalent injection of saline and or media. Lambs were euthanized at 124 days' GA (term = 150 days' GA). TGF\u03b21, TGF\u03b22, TGF\u03b23, TGF\u03b2 receptor (R)1 and TGF\u03b2R2 protein levels, Smad2 phosphorylation and elastin deposition were evaluated in lung tissue. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Total TGF\u03b21 and TGF\u03b22 decreased by 24 and 51% after combined UP+LPS exposure, whereas total TGF\u03b21 increased by 31% after 7 days' LPS exposure but not after double exposures. Alveolar expression of TGF\u03b2R2 decreased 75% after UP, but remained unaltered after double exposures. Decreased focal elastin deposition after single LPS exposure was prevented by double exposures. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; TGF\u03b2 signaling components and elastin responded differently to intrauterine LPS and UP exposure. Multiple bacterial exposures attenuated TGF\u03b2 signaling and normalized elastin deposition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000350548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]],"date-time":"2013-05-24T08:01:54Z","timestamp":1369382514000},"page":"49-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Repeated Intrauterine Exposures to Inflammatory Stimuli Attenuated Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2 Signaling in the Ovine Fetal Lung"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Jennifer J.P.","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suhas G.","family":"Kallapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine L.","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Kuypers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc J.I.","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Newnham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan H.","family":"Jobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris W.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1084-2756(02)00190-2"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00830.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70142-5"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.05.044"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00183.2010"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108325508"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000228322.73777.05"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.6.2103061"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425908100455"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100779"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/016212-0"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.2.754"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000092868"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.11.015"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.210187"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2010.10.010"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181c13276"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000210088"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0656"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00003.2007"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1579"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.121381"}],"container-title":["Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/350548","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/350548","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:19:01Z","timestamp":1745432341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000350548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000350548","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1661-7800","1661-7819"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1661-7800"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1661-7819"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}