{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T14:17:42Z","timestamp":1788617862762,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4660,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Backgrounds: Color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) has not yet been established as a method to investigate the pathogenesis of thyrotoxicosis. Objectives: Our first objective was to determine whether the measurement of peak systolic blood-flow velocity in the superior thyroid artery (STV) and thyroid tissue blood flow (TBF) using CDU could differentiate Graves' disease (GD) from painless thyroiditis (PT). The second objective was to examine the factors mediating increased blood flow to the thyroid gland in GD. Methods: Recruited patients had untreated GD or PT and visited the Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, between April 1, 2006 and May 31, 2010. Age, gender, blood pressure, pulse rate, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine, TSH receptor antibody and thyroid volume were evaluated in patients. In addition, bilateral measurements of STV, TBF and peak systolic velocity in the common carotid artery (CCV) were also performed. TBF was quantified by calculating the ratio of blood-flow pixels to total pixels in the region of interest using sagittal section images of the thyroid gland. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the ability of STV and TBF measurements to differentiate GD from PT. Results: For the average of STV measured on both sides, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.956. For the average of TBF measured on both sides, the AUC was 0.920. At an average STV cut-off value of 43 cm\/s, the sensitivity to discriminate GD from PT was 0.87 and the specificity was 1.00. At an average TBF cut-off value of 3.8%, the sensitivity was 0.71 and the specificity was 1.00. In the GD group, neither blood pressure nor pulse rate correlated with the average STV or TBF. Moreover, there was no correlation between STV and CCV or between TBF and CCV on either side. However, STV was correlated with TBF (right side: R = 0.47; left side: R = 0.52). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that STV and TBF are useful for differentiating GD from PT. Furthermore, the increased STV and TBF found in GD are not related to hyperthyroidism-induced increases in systolic blood pressure, pulse rate or CCV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000350560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]],"date-time":"2013-05-15T04:24:18Z","timestamp":1368591858000},"page":"120-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Use of Color Doppler Ultrasonography to Measure Thyroid Blood Flow and Differentiate Graves' Disease from Painless Thyroiditis"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Hiraiwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Hiraiwa Thyroid Clinic, Ibaraki City"},{"name":"2Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Tsujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Tanimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungo","family":"Terasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Amino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Hanafusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070712425612000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ralls PW, Mayekawa DS, Lee KP, Colletti PM, Radin DR, Boswell WD, Halls JM: Color-flow Doppler sonography in Graves' disease: \u2018thyroid inferno'. Am J Roentgenol 1988;150:781-784.3279732","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.150.4.781"},{"key":"2026070712425612000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bogazzi F, Bartalena L, Brogioni S, Burelli A, Manetti L, Tanda ML, Gasperi M, Martino E: Thyroid vascularity and blood flow are not dependent on serum thyroid hormone levels: studies in vivo by color flow Doppler sonography. Eur J Endocrinol 1999;140:452-456.10.1530\/eje.0.140045210229913","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1400452"},{"key":"2026070712425612000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ota H, Amino N, Morita S, Kobayashi K, Kubota S, Fukata S, Kamiyama N, Miyauchi A: Quantitative measurement of thyroid blood flow for differentiation of painless thyroiditis from Graves' disease. Clin Endocrinol 2007;67:41-45.10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02832.x17437515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02832.x"},{"key":"2026070712425612000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ueda M, Inaba M, Kumeda Y, Nagasaki T, Hiura Y, Tahara H, Onoda N, Ishikawa T, Nishizawa Y: The significance of thyroid blood flow at the inferior thyroid artery as a predictor for early Graves' disease relapse. Clin Endocrinol 2005;63:657-662.10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02397.x16343100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02397.x"},{"key":"2026070712425612000_ref5","unstructured":"Hiraiwa T, Hanafusa T: Diagnostic approach to thyroid diseases. Progress in ultrasonography of the thyroid and its application (in Japanese). Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 2010;99:726-732.20578358"},{"key":"2026070712425612000_ref6","unstructured":"Murakami Y, Takamatsu J, Sakane S, Kuma K, Ohsawa N: Changes in thyroid volume in response to radioactive iodine for Graves' hyperthyroidism correlated with activity of thyroid-stimulating antibody and treatment outcome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:3257-3260.10.1210\/jc.81.9.32578784079"},{"key":"2026070712425612000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bogazzi F, Manetti L, Tomisti L, Rossi G, Cosci C, Sardella C, Bartalena L, Gasperi M, Macchia E, Vitti P, Martino E: Thyroid color flow Doppler sonography: an adjunctive tool for differentiating patients with inappropriate TSH secretion due to TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma or resistance to thyroid hormone. Thyroid 2006;16:989-995.10.1089\/thy.2006.16.98917042684","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.16.989"},{"key":"2026070712425612000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vitti P, Rago T, Mazzeo S, Brogioni S, Lampis M, De Liperi A, Bartolozzi C, Pichera A, Martino E: Evaluation by color-flow Doppler sonography distinguishes Graves' disease from Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 1995;18:857-861.8778158","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03349833"},{"key":"2026070712425612000_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurita S, Sakurai M, Kita Y, Ota T, Ando H, Kaneko Stakamura T: Measurement of thyroid blood flow area is useful for diagnosing the cause of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid 2005;15:1249-1252.10.1089\/thy.2005.15.124916356088","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.1249"},{"key":"2026070712425612000_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchida T, Takeno K, Goto M, Kanno R, Kubo Stakahashi S, Azuma K, Sakai K, Fujitani Y, Hirose T, Kawamori R, Watada H: Superior thyroid artery mean peak systolic velocity for the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis in Japanese patients. 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