{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:13:24Z","timestamp":1771028004100,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sex Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"Across amniotes, sex-determining mechanisms exhibit great variation, yet the genes that govern sexual differentiation are largely conserved. Studies of evolution of sex-determining and sex-differentiating genes require an exhaustive characterization of functions of those genes such as <i>FOXL2<\/i> and <i>FGF9<\/i>. <i>FOXL2<\/i> is associated with ovarian development, and<i> FGF9<\/i> is known to play a role in testicular organogenesis in mammals and other amniotes. As a step toward characterization of the evolutionary history of sexual development, we measured expression of <i>FOXL2<\/i> and <i>FGF9<\/i> across 3 developmental stages and 8 juvenile tissue types in male and female American alligators, <i>Alligator mississippiensis. <\/i>We report surprisingly high expression of <i>FOXL2<\/i> before the stage of embryonic development when sex is determined in response to temperature, and sustained and variable expression of <i>FGF9<\/i> in juvenile male, but not female tissue types. Novel characterization of gene expression in reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination such as American alligators may inform the evolution of sex-determining and sex-differentiating gene networks, as they suggest alternative functions from which the genes may have been exapted. Future functional profiling of sex-differentiating genes should similarly follow other genes and other species to enable a broad comparison across sex-determining mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000350787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]],"date-time":"2013-05-08T08:01:47Z","timestamp":1368000107000},"page":"253-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sex-Biased Expression of Sex-Differentiating Genes <b><i>FOXL2<\/i><\/b> and <b><i>FGF9<\/i><\/b> in American Alligators, <b><i>Alligator mississippiensis<\/i><\/b>"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"D.E.","family":"Janes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.M.","family":"Elsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.M.","family":"Langan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.V.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812009106"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10577-011-9257-9"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.39.12.916"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00284-7"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/84781"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2009.11.001"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1668"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-9-36"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20189"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD01093"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2010.01098.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.029587"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2006.01138.x"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2012.0329"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402700105"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.217802"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.00966.x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-4-205"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbd.2009.08.001"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10583"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.03.137"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icn041"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.130468.111"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2008.00481.x"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135925"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0583"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000104775"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3229"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20050"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.22266"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/346240a0"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08298"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icn031"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000277935"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.05.208"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.22.1045"}],"container-title":["Sexual 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