{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T06:54:55Z","timestamp":1770965695877,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Triple inhalation therapy with tiotropium (Tio) and salmeterol\/fluticasone propionate combination (SFC) is widely used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the effects of triple therapy on airway structural changes remain unknown. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The aim of the study was to assess the effects of Tio, salmeterol (SM), SFC and Tio plus SFC on airway dimensions in COPD. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A randomized, open-label, 4-way study (n = 60) was conducted comparing 16-week treatment periods of Tio (18 \u03bcg once daily), SM (50 \u03bcg twice daily), SFC (50\/250 \u03bcg twice daily) and Tio (18 \u03bcg once daily) plus SFC (50\/250 \u03bcg twice daily). Airway dimensions were assessed by a validated CT technique, and airway wall area (WA) corrected for body surface area (BSA), percentage WA (WA%), wall thickness\/\u221aBSA and luminal area (Ai)\/BSA at the right apical segmental bronchus were measured. Pulmonary function and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were evaluated. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Tio plus SFC resulted in a significant decrease in WA corrected for BSA and WA% compared with Tio, SM and SFC (p &lt; 0.05 for all). The changes in WA% and Ai\/BSA were significantly correlated with changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (r = -0.86, p &lt; 0.001, and r = 0.48, p &lt; 0.05, respectively). There were more significant improvements in SGRQ scores after treatment with triple therapy than after the 3 other treatments. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Tio plus SFC therapy is more effective than Tio, SM and SFC for reducing airway wall thickness in COPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000351116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]],"date-time":"2013-07-19T13:36:55Z","timestamp":1374241015000},"page":"280-287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of Tiotropium and Salmeterol\/Fluticasone Propionate on Airway Wall Thickness in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Makoto","family":"Hoshino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Ohtawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.5.9903053"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.957"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00269802"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-5-200509060-00007"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805800"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00140404"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.02.017"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00027003"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00031402"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063070"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-8-200704170-00152"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2006.06.001"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.087213"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.3.9907120"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200601-037OC"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.163.5.7976869"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-874OC"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2342040013"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2491071650"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.5.8912780"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2342031466"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.12.005"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.6.1321"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.3.647"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2008.01452.x"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.10.1000"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.4.360"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.3.267"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2105025"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200508-1321OC"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.071068"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11319-5"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2012.02130.x"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00004907"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200409-1249OC"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200907-1008OC"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032158"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.103671"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.09.004"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2779"}],"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/351116","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/351116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:23:23Z","timestamp":1745432603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000351116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000351116","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7931","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}