{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:53:14Z","timestamp":1789609994541,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Objectives:<\/i><\/b> Although evidence supports a role for inflammation in interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome (IC\/BPS), the mechanism remains unknown. We determined whether inflammation causes an elevated expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (TRPV1) and correlated them with the symptoms. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> Bladder biopsies were obtained from 53 IC\/BPS patients and 27 controls, and hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunostaining and Western blotting were performed to detect inflammation, TRPV1-immunoreactive and PGP9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers, and NGF, respectively. Symptoms were assessed using the Pelvic Pain\/Urgency\/Frequency (PUF) questionnaire and pain visual analogue scale scores. Suburothelial nerve fiber density was quantified and correlated with PUF scores. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Increased severity of inflammation was correlated with a higher TRPV1-immunoreactive nerve fiber density (<i>r<\/i> = 0.4113, p = 0.0024) and higher NGF levels (<i>r<\/i> = 0.3775, p = 0.0052). Suburothelial TRPV1-immunoreactive nerve fiber density was significantly correlated with pain scores and urgency scores (<i>r<\/i> = 0.3320, p = 0.0145 and <i>r<\/i> = 0.3823, p = 0.0039, respectively). PGP9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers were significantly increased in IC\/BPS (p = 0.0193) and had a positive relationship with inflammation severity (<i>r<\/i> = 0.6138, p < 0.0001). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Our study revealed increased severity of inflammation correlated with a higher expression of TRPV1-immunoreactive nerve fibers and NGF in IC\/BPS and correlated with clinical symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000355175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]],"date-time":"2014-01-27T07:47:42Z","timestamp":1390808862000},"page":"202-208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Increased Severity of Inflammation Correlates with Elevated Expression of TRPV1 Nerve Fibers and Nerve Growth Factor on Interstitial Cystitis\/Bladder Pain Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Bo-long","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-lun","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-ying","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-gang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-biao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-fu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.03.064"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000343697"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323857"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22202"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04503-7"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5464.306"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.03.074"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-200109000-00093"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000143549.29867.4e"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03972-0"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08675.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.178"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31821b1ac5"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00370-5"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01829-0"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-200012000-00009"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.01.047"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000345047"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.05.028"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1109"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-200012000-00074"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000143192.68223.f7"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-009-9647-5"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02649-0"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35050121"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08361.x"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.07.003"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6793-7-9"}],"container-title":["Urologia 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