{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T11:07:34Z","timestamp":1761217654630,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384473600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural antibodies include a subset described as xenoantibodies considered to be directed at microorganisms and also cross-react with antigens of unrelated species. In this study, we generated T-cell-independent (TI) and T-cell-dependent (TD) xenoantibodies in Lewis rats with hamster and pig blood injections. TI anti-hamster and anti-pig IgM and IgG xenoantibodies cross-reacted with &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus faecalis&lt;\/i&gt; but not with &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli &lt;\/i&gt;isolated from the blood of Lewis rats after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). TI anti-pig IgM xenoantibodies also showed some reactivity with two human blood isolates of &lt;i&gt;E. faecalis.&lt;\/i&gt; In contrast, TD xenoantibodies did not show any reactivity with rat or human bacteria. TI and TD anti-hamster and anti-pig IgM and IgG xenoantibodies showed cross-reactivity with lymphocytes and endothelial cells from species distinct to that used for immunization. Glycan array analysis and inhibition assays identified antibodies against melibiose and &lt;smlcap&gt;L&lt;\/smlcap&gt;-rhamnose as mediators of anti-hamster and anti-porcine xenoantibody cross-reactivity with &lt;i&gt;E. faecalis.&lt;\/i&gt; A rise in TI anti-hamster and anti-pig xenoantibodies was accompanied by decreased survival of Lewis rats in a low-severity sepsis model of CLP. Therefore, TI xenoantibodies in the rat include anti-carbohydrate antibodies reactive to bacteria of endogenous flora. Enhancement of these antibodies may result in more severe infectious diseases caused by these microorganisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000355305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T07:55:13Z","timestamp":1384502113000},"page":"140-151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Boosted Rat Natural Xenoantibodies Cross-React with &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Enterococcus faecalis&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; by Targeting Melibiose and &lt;smlcap&gt;L&lt;\/smlcap&gt;-Rhamnose"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Magdiel","family":"Perez-Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Ma\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.003255"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3089.2000.00061.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115706"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3089.2001.00082.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-3274(95)80024-7"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199901150-00003"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200107150-00028"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3089.2000.00061.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199806150-00023"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407902101"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.214"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200526146"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(00)01012-5"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/80506"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00693-X"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.05.013"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00117.2007"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-011-9368-8"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200003270-00026"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-85226-8_17"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3089.2003.00083.x"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.5.1369"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.3.490-496.2000"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.03.013"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-43-3-375"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.122.2.237"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.032448299"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1825-3_247"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5447.2156"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis624"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.08.027"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.8.930-934.2005"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00576-09"}],"container-title":["Journal of Innate Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/355305","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/355305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:07:24Z","timestamp":1745431644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000355305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000355305","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-811X","1662-8128"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1662-811X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1662-8128"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]}}}