{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:13:01Z","timestamp":1792062781408,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Nutr Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide and has been linked to hematologic, neurologic and psychiatric diseases. There are a few studies regarding vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> deficiency in developing countries in general and in Jordan in particular. <b><i>Objectives:<\/i><\/b> The aims of the present study were to assess the vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> status of Jordanians at national level and to identify population groups at high risk for vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> deficiency. <b><i>Methods: <\/i><\/b>Vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> status was assessed in a national sample of 5,640 subjects aged >8 years. The study involved interviews, laboratory measurements of vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> and other parameters, and physical measurements. The present report deals exclusively with subjects aged >18 years (n = 2,847). <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> The percentages of subjects with low (<200 pg\/ml, n = 857), borderline (201-350 pg\/ml, n = 382) and normal vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> level (>350 pg\/ml, n = 1,608) were 30.1, 13.4 and 56.5%, respectively. Of the 382 subjects who had borderline vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> level, 61 subjects had both increased total homocysteine (tHcy; >13 \u00b5mol\/l) and low holocobalamin (<35 pmol\/l). Since elevated tHcy also indicates folate deficiency, the overall prevalence of vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> deficiency reached 32.2% (31.9% among males and 32.4% among females) after adding those 61 subjects to the 857 subjects with low vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> level. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> In conclusion, our study showed that almost one third of Jordanian adults have vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> deficiency with no gender differences. Intake of vitamin B complex and multivitamins seems to protect from vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> deficiency. An in-depth study of the dietary and eating habits of Jordanians may be needed to explain the observed age and regional differences in vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> deficiency in the study population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000355440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T05:19:05Z","timestamp":1402982345000},"page":"101-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> Deficiency in Jordan: A Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"El-Khateeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Khader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwar","family":"Batieha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hashem","family":"Jaddou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Hyassat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Belbisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamel","family":"Ajlouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl033"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3536(05)80226-4"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.51.1.357"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408369609081009"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2003.227"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.03156.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jas.2008.3060.3063"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323097"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27230C"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl150"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bcmd.1996.0015"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460010094039"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2977(00)00048-6"}],"container-title":["Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/355440","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/355440","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T14:08:58Z","timestamp":1745417338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000355440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000355440","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0250-6807","1421-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0250-6807","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}