{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:51:42Z","timestamp":1787017902198,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]],"date-time":"2013-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]],"date-time":"2013-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383782400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gynecol Obstet Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Aims:<\/i><\/b> To investigate whether a vaginal speculum examination (VSE) prior to a transvaginal scan (TVS) alters the diagnosis or management of women who complain of bleeding in early pregnancy. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> A prospective study. Women were asked to describe their bleeding as heavy, moderate or light and to consent to VSE prior to TVS. TVS was performed to obtain a final diagnosis of pregnancy outcome. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> 221 consecutive women were included in the study. In 14.5% (n = 32) complaining of heavy bleeding, blood was seen in all but two VSE and 84% (n = 27) had a miscarriage diagnosed by TVS. Products of conception were removed in 18.8% (n = 6), but this did not alter the subsequent immediate management of any cases. 65.2% (n = 144) of women complained of light bleeding, blood was seen on VSE in 53% (n = 77). Of these women, 25% (n = 19) of those where blood was seen had a miscarriage, compared to 6% (n = 4) of women where blood was not seen. A cervical ectropion was visualised in 11.7% (n = 26) and 2.3% (n = 5) had a cervical polyp. No other clinically significant pathology was detected. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> The amount of bleeding reported by women in early pregnancy relates well with VSE findings. Performing a VSE did not alter the subsequent management of these patients. This study demonstrates that routine objective assessment of blood by a clinician performing VSE prior to a TVS is unnecessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000355923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,6]],"date-time":"2013-11-06T02:41:24Z","timestamp":1383705684000},"page":"29-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Do Women with Pain and Bleeding in Early Pregnancy Require a Vaginal Speculum Examination as Part of Their Assessment?"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Shabana A.","family":"Bora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Bourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6785.1141"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000336402"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2003.012443"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.10.018"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610050112057"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349709024589"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340802056095"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610600984412"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.9007"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des352"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38888.588519.55"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/14.2.148"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.892"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1997.09020091.x"}],"container-title":["Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/355923","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/355923","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/355923","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T14:13:56Z","timestamp":1745417636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000355923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000355923","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7346","1423-002X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7346","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-002X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]}}}