{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T07:56:07Z","timestamp":1778745367711,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiorenal Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Proteins and cytoplasmic organelles undergo degradation and recycling via autophagy; its role in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still unclear. We hypothesize that impaired kidney function causes autophagy activation failure. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> We included 60 patients with stage 5 CKD and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as controls. Patients with conditions that could affect autophagy were excluded. Leukocytes were isolated and analyzed from peripheral blood samples collected after overnight fasting and 2 h after breakfast. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Overnight fasting induced conversion of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3 I to II (&#947;LC3) and increased mRNA levels of the autophagy-related gene 5 <i>(Atg5)<\/i> and <i>Beclin-1<\/i> in healthy subjects, which were nearly absent in CKD patients (p = 0.0001). Moreover, no significant difference in autophagy activation was observed between CKD patients with or without hemodialysis. Correlation studies showed that &#947;LC3 was negatively associated with the left atrium size. Changes in <i>Atg5<\/i> transcript levels were negatively associated with the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, and changes in <i>Beclin-1<\/i> transcript levels were negatively associated with the mitral inflow E- and A-wave sizes. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> These data suggest that CKD patients have impaired autophagy activation, which cannot be reversed with hemodialysis and is closely related to their cardiac abnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000356212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T09:12:03Z","timestamp":1383297123000},"page":"254-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Impaired Leukocytes Autophagy in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Wei-Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Chun","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Shien","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po-Yaur","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tien-Hsing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Horng-Dar","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Tseng","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shian-Sen","family":"Shie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-Yung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fnrm2245"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.cell.2011.10.026"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152%2Fajpcell.00507.2009"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.108.842252"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fhmg%2Fddq143"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096%2Ffj.11-194175"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fnrclinonc.2011.71"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161%2Fauto.1.3.2068"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172%2FJCI39492"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681%2FASN.2005040384"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161%2Fauto.19496"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.echo.2009.05.020"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2811%2960178-5"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161%2Fauto.19258"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fsj.emboj.7601623"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042%2FBJ20111451"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172%2FJCI44774"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681%2FASN.2008111186"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.febslet.2010.01.017"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093%2Fejechocard%2Fjeq175"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jacc.2007.06.018"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038%2Fnm1574"}],"container-title":["Cardiorenal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/356212","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/356212","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:16:16Z","timestamp":1745432176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000356212"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000356212","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3828","1664-5502"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3828","type":"print"},{"value":"1664-5502","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}