{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:09:15Z","timestamp":1791407355602,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,21]],"date-time":"2013-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,21]],"date-time":"2013-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Glutamate mediates cerebral ischemia injury via N-methyl-<smlcap>D<\/smlcap>-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-coupled ion channels, but the activities of glutamate in the heart remain unclear. <b><i>Aims:<\/i><\/b> To investigate whether or not glutamate contributes to ischemia- and reperfusion (IR)-induced arrhythmias. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> Myocardial IR was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min and reperfusion for another 30 min. A score system was used to quantify arrhythmias. MK801 (a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist), dihydrokainate (DHK, a glutamate transporter inhibitor) and gabapentin (GBP, a glutamate release inhibitor) were used before ischemia. Serum glutamate levels, Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>-ATPase activity, SERCA2a protein expression and myocardial mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> content were assayed. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Myocardial IR caused a significant increase in serum glutamate and high incidences of ventricular arrhythmias. GBP and MK801 significantly ameliorated ventricular arrhythmias, improved SERCA2a expression and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>-ATPase activity and reduced Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> accumulated in mitochondria. By contrast, DHK significantly exacerbated reperfusion-related arrhythmias and mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> overload while it decreased SERCA2a expression and activity. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> This study showed that glutamate mediates reperfusion arrhythmias, and the corresponding mechanism may be associated with Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> overload via the NMDA receptor. Reperfusion arrhythmias may be prevented by inhibiting the release of glutamate or by antagonizing NMDA receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000356311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T14:14:03Z","timestamp":1389104043000},"page":"4-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Increasing Glutamate Promotes Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias in Rats in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Xianlin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingquan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunsheng","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903546106"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.7.1063"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00193-3"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1991.8.175"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90516-C"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01483-X"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(98)00154-3"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(98)00012-4"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365511003663655"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-012-9720-x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/22.7.447"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/22.9.656"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(79)90105-6"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1990.tb00818.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(98)00061-4"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CARD.0000041248.20065.47"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.07.037"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01931495"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.770883"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/356311","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/356311","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:16:41Z","timestamp":1745432201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000356311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,21]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000356311","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-7012","1423-0313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-7012","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,21]]}}}