{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:32:33Z","timestamp":1790044353945,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Res Paediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Human deficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (PIs) are widely used drugs whose effects are pharmacologically enhanced by ritonavir, a potent cytochrome P450 inhibitor. We reported previously that prophylactic postnatal ritonavir-PI therapy in HIV-exposed neonates was associated with increases in plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aims:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To further investigate adrenal function in neonates and adolescents given ritonavir-PI. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Adrenal function was assessed prospectively in 3 HIV-exposed neonates given short-term prophylactic treatment and 3 HIV-infected adolescents given long-term treatment. Plasma cortisol, 17-OHP, 17-OH-pregnenolone, DHEA-S, and androstenedione were measured before and after ACTH administration. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; None of the patients had clinical signs of adrenal dysfunction. The only neonate exposed to ritonavir-PI in utero had up to 3-fold increases in plasma 17-OHP. Increases in 17-OH-pregnenolone of up to 3.1-fold were noted in 4 of the 6 patients, and all 6 patients had elevations in DHEA-S (up to 20.4-fold increase) and\/or DHEA (up to 4.7-fold) and\/or androstenedione (up to 5.2-fold). All these parameters improved after treatment completion. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Neonates and adolescents given ritonavir-PI exhibit a similar adrenal dysfunction profile consistent with an impact on multiple adrenal enzymes. These abnormalities require evaluation, given the potentially long exposure times.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000356916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,26]],"date-time":"2014-02-26T13:11:06Z","timestamp":1393420266000},"page":"226-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Adrenal Enzyme Impairment in Neonates and Adolescents Treated with Ritonavir and Protease Inhibitors for HIV Exposure or Infection"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Kariyawasam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Laborde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Parat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.-F.","family":"Souchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Frange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Blanche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Polak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32832a9a17"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-2662.2001.00082.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00943-05"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f2be1d"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.5.497"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.915"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(79)90080-3"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-3-674"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.6.2701"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0013"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-4-761"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2008.00579.x"}],"container-title":["Hormone Research in Paediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/356916","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/356916","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:23:02Z","timestamp":1745432582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000356916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000356916","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-2818","1663-2826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-2818","type":"print"},{"value":"1663-2826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}