{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:18:50Z","timestamp":1773281930236,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aim:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To investigate and compare the effects of topical benzalkonium chloride-preserved prostaglandins (PGAs) on the ocular surface in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma before and after 3 months of treatment with additional 0.5% preservative-free tamarind seed polysaccharide single-dose eyedrops (TSP\u00ae, Oftagen, Pisa, Italy). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This was a prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study. From 5 different Italian glaucoma centers, 10 glaucomatous patients were recruited in each center. All the patients were treated with a PGA with preservative for at least 1 year. Preservative-free artificial tears 3 times per day were prescribed. The participants were subjected to clinical and instrumental evaluation at baseline, after 1 month and after 3 months of treatment. All patients were examined with a digital corneal confocal laser scanning microscope (HRT II Rostock Cornea Module). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; After 3 months of TSP 0.5% treatment, an improvement of some ocular signs and symptoms was found. The percentage of conjunctival hyperemia decreased from 67 to 13%. Schirmer's test and breakup time significantly changed from the baseline after 3 months. Confocal microscopy showed a significant increase in conjunctival goblet cells. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Artificial substitutes, in particular TSP 0.5%, might protect the ocular surface hence giving higher compliance, adherence and quality of life to the patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000357100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]],"date-time":"2014-02-18T09:57:35Z","timestamp":1392717455000},"page":"146-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Changes in the Morphological and Functional Patterns of the Ocular Surface in Patients Treated with Prostaglandin Analogues after the Use of TSP 0.5%\u00ae Preservative-Free Eyedrops: A Prospective, Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Iester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Oddone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Fogagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Frezzotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Figus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"and the Confocal Microscopy Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2010.0133"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eop.10.24"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.06.023"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1067"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.189449"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2004.00922.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(11)70025-8"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/002235702630"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-7-5"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1991.65"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70139-8"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.10.019"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.10.1268"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2010.03.001"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080130084030"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31847-0"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00277.x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1989.tb01883.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(79)90125-5"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17469899.4.1.59"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e328089f1c8"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2010.02.006"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.4.418"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/357100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/357100","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/357100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:24:51Z","timestamp":1745432691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000357100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000357100","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-3747","1423-0259"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-3747","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0259","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}