{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:28:06Z","timestamp":1790803686132,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Acute exacerbation of chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia (AE-CFIP) is an often fatal condition with no established treatment. Recently, macrolides were found to be beneficial in cases of acute lung injury. <b><i>Objectives:<\/i><\/b> To examine the clinical effectiveness and safety of intravenous azithromycin in patients hospitalized for AE-CFIP. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> A prospective, open-label study with historical controls was conducted. Twenty consecutive patients with AE-CFIP received azithromycin. They were compared with a historical cohort treated with fluoroquinolone (n = 56). All patients received high-dose steroid pulse therapy. The primary end point was mortality at 60 days. The secondary end point was safety of intravenous azithromycin in patients with AE-CFIP. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score was performed to investigate the relationship between azithromycin use and survival time. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Mortality was significantly lower in the patients treated with azithromycin than in those treated with fluoroquinolone (mortality rate at 60 days: 20 vs. 69.6%, p < 0.001; median survival time: not reached vs. 29.5 days, p < 0.001). The IPTW adjusted hazard of mortality at 60 days in patients receiving azithromycin was 0.17 (95% CI 0.05-0.61). No serious adverse events were observed. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Azithromycin was associated with improved outcomes in patients with AE-CFIP. Further studies are needed to verify this finding (Clinical trial JMA-IIA00095).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000358443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]],"date-time":"2014-04-30T06:38:55Z","timestamp":1398839935000},"page":"478-484","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Efficacy of Azithromycin for Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Fibrosing Interstitial Pneumonia: A Prospective, Open-Label Study with Historical Controls"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Kodai","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Ichikado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritaka","family":"Suga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2009-040GL"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200703-463PP"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0323"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0866"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1908"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.2.ats01"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.027326"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-571OC"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2106157"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1481"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200709-1365OC"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00159709"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329891"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5705"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00114004"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00078-09"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1161-x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.05.016"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003833"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1300799"}],"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/358443","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/358443","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:37:23Z","timestamp":1745433443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000358443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000358443","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7931","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}