{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:10:08Z","timestamp":1745431808558,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Nutr Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> C4 plants (e.g. corn and sugar cane) have greater <sup>13<\/sup>C enrichment than C3 plants (e.g. wheat and sugar beet). <b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> To assess whether <sup>13<\/sup>C enrichment of CO<sub>2<\/sub> in the breath and breast milk of women on diets based on C3 and C4 foods changes from one diet to the other. <b><i>Materials and Methods:<\/i><\/b> Six breast-feeding women were studied at 5-6 months postpartum. They ate a controlled C4 diet on days 1 and 2 followed by a C3 diet on days 3 and 4. Diet duplicates, breast milk on days 2 and 4 and hourly breath samples were collected over 4 days. <sup>13<\/sup>C enrichment was measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Values of \u03b4<sup>13<\/sup>C were calculated from the international PDBV standard (\u03b4<sup>13<\/sup>C<sub>PDBV<\/sub>). Differences between means were compared by paired t test or t test for repeated measurements. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> \u03b4<sup>13<\/sup>C<sub>PDBV<\/sub> values were significantly higher in the C4 diet than in the C3 diet composites (p < 0.01). In breath CO<sub>2<\/sub>, the \u03b4<sup>13<\/sup>C<sub>PDBV<\/sub> value was greater on days 1 and 2 (range -15.4 to -13.2, respectively) and declined on days 3 and 4 (range -20.0 to -21.8, respectively, p < 0.01). The lipid and milk serum fractions of breast milk had significantly higher \u03b4<sup>13<\/sup>C<sub>PDBV<\/sub> on the C3 diet than on the C4 diet (p < 0.01). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Subjects eating a C4 diet have a higher \u03b4<sup>13<\/sup>C<sub>PDBV<\/sub> value in the breath and breast milk fractions, which diminish rapidly on a C3 diet. Further studies focusing on individual nutrients are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000360405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,28]],"date-time":"2014-04-28T06:44:56Z","timestamp":1398667496000},"page":"44-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<sup>13<\/sup>C Enrichment of the CO<sub>2<\/sub> in Breast Milk and in the Breath Is Rapidly Modified by Changes in the <sup>13<\/sup>C Content of the Diet"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Salvador","family":"Villalpando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Del Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Cienfuego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146%2Fannurev.bi.44.070175.001011"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.1059472"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0006-291X%2870%2990015-X"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0003-9861%2877%2990277-6"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079%2FBJN19900106"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079%2FBJN19880131"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126%2Fscience.181.4098.445"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F00005176-199507000-00005"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000012714"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0016-7037%2857%2990024-8"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0899-9007%2899%2900180-X"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs11745-006-0161-6"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2FSHK.0b013e3181970f32"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2F978-1-62703-299-5_17"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146%2Fannurev.nutr.17.1.159"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023%2FA%3A1026336505343"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080%2F10256019908234084"}],"container-title":["Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/360405","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/360405","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/360405","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:30:00Z","timestamp":1745429400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000360405"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000360405","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0250-6807","1421-9697"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0250-6807"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9697"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}