{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:46:45Z","timestamp":1788788805730,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]],"date-time":"2014-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]],"date-time":"2014-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Haematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mitoxantrone is a conventional agent for relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, an effective combination with other drugs and a feasible dosage has not been identified. A retrospective study of 46 patients with relapsed or refractory ALL was conducted to determine the efficacy of mitoxantrone and Ara-C treatment with (MEC) and or without etoposide (MC). Twenty-seven and 19 patients received MC and MEC chemotherapy, respectively. Twenty-two (48%) patients showed overall response [complete response (CR), 33%; CR with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp), 15%], and 10 of 22 responders received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Median overall survival (OS) was 6.2 months (95% confidence interval, 3.41-9.0). Thirteen (48%) patients in the MC group and 9 (47%) in the MEC group achieved CR\/CRp (p = 0.96). Treatment-related mortalities in the MC and MEC groups were 3 (11%) and 4 (21%), respectively (p = 0.36). However, the MEC group frequently presented with grade 3 or higher bacteremia\/candidemia (p = 0.013). No difference in OS was observed between the two groups (p = 0.769). In conclusion, salvage therapy consisting of mitoxantrone and Ara-C without etoposide appeared to be an effective bridge therapy to allogeneic SCT for patients with refractory or relapsed ALL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000362261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]],"date-time":"2014-08-25T07:17:25Z","timestamp":1408951045000},"page":"91-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical Efficacy of Mitoxantrone and Ara-C with or without Etoposide Salvage Chemotherapy in Adult Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Retrospective Multicenter Study of the Korean Adult ALL Working 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