{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T20:44:23Z","timestamp":1783629863816,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]],"date-time":"2014-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]],"date-time":"2014-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Haematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> In some previous studies, vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> treatment showed immunomodulatory effects and restored the immunological abnormalities in patients with pernicious anemia (PA). In the present study, peripheral blood T cell subsets, including regulatory T cells (T<sub>reg<\/sub>s), were examined before and after vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> treatment in PA patients. <b><i>Patients and Methods:<\/i><\/b> The percentages of CD4, CD8, Th1, Th2 and T<sub>reg<\/sub>s were examined in 23 PA patients before vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> treatment, in 23 other PA patients after vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> treatment and in 28 healthy controls. <b><i>Results: <\/i><\/b>The mean percentage of CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in the control group (23.0%; 95% CI, 20.4-25.6%) than in the pre- (16.0%; 95% CI, 12.1-20.0%) and posttreatment groups (15.2%; 95% CI, 11.8-18.6%; p < 0.05). The CD4\/CD8 ratio was significantly lower in the control group (2.01; 95% CI, 1.66-2.34) than in the pre- (3.45; 95% CI, 2.55-7.80) and posttreatment groups (2.97; 95% CI, 2.22-3.72; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean Th1\/Th2 ratio among these groups. There were significant increases in the mean percentage of T<sub>reg<\/sub>s in the pre- (6.29%; 95% CI, 5.04-7.54%) and posttreatment groups (7.77%; 95% CI, 6.34-9.20%) compared with the control group (4.18%; 95% CI, 3.92-4.47%; p < 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> The percentage of T<sub>reg<\/sub>s was significantly higher in PA patients than in normal subjects, and this high T<sub>reg<\/sub> percentage was not different before and after vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> treatment. Other immunological alterations also did not recover after vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> treatment, so that these immunological changes appear to be the cause of PA and are not induced by vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000362356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]],"date-time":"2014-08-25T07:17:25Z","timestamp":1408951045000},"page":"83-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["High Percentage of Regulatory T Cells before and after Vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> Treatment in Patients with Pernicious Anemia"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Satoru","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norifumi","family":"Ide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatsue","family":"Ogawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Yokohama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeki","family":"Mitsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Handa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Koiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norifumi","family":"Tsukamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Saitoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1032"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1178"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1181"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1179"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1180"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1982.00340210057014"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2000.00373.x"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91889-7"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00870.x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000112967"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2004.06.003"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.38.5.582"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.71.1.60"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2006.01.008"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.05.011"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02798.x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.011"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2008.01182.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-009-9166-2"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636435"}],"container-title":["Acta Haematologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/362356","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/362356","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/362356","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:38:21Z","timestamp":1745429901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000362356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000362356","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5792","1421-9662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5792","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]]}}}