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In ratite W chromosomes, this sequence commonly contains a \u223c200-bp deletion. To characterize the very early event of avian sex chromosome differentiation, we performed molecular cytogenetic analyses of kW1 and its flanking sequences in paleognathous and neognathous birds and reptiles. Female-specific repeats were found in the kW1-flanking sequence of the cassowary (Casuarius casuarius), and the repeats have been amplified in the pericentromeric region of the W chromosomes of ratites, which may have resulted from the cessation of meiotic recombination between the Z and W chromosomes at an early stage of sex chromosome differentiation. The presence of the kW1 sequence in neognathous birds and a crocodilian species suggests that the kW1 sequence was present in the ancestral genome of Archosauria; however, it disappeared in other reptilian taxa and several lineages of neognathous birds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000362479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T06:34:06Z","timestamp":1399530846000},"page":"255-267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Genomic Structures of the kW1 Loci on the Z and W Chromosomes in Ratite Birds: Structural Changes at an Early Stage of W Chromosome 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