{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:19:08Z","timestamp":1791209948485,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,9]],"date-time":"2014-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,9]],"date-time":"2014-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fetal Diagn Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to evaluate brain metabolic differences in small fetuses near term as compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Study Design:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; 71 term small fetuses (estimated fetal weight &lt;10th centile for gestational age with normal umbilical artery Doppler sonography) were subclassified as late intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (n = 50) or small for gestational age (SGA) (n = 21), and compared with 65 AGA fetuses. IUGR was defined by either abnormal middle cerebral artery, abnormal uterine artery Doppler sonography or estimated fetal weight &lt;3rd centile. All participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at 37 weeks of gestation, and single-voxel magnetic resonance spectra were obtained from the frontal lobe on a 3-tesla scanner. N-acetylaspartate (NAA)\/choline (Cho), NAA\/creatine (Cr) and Cho\/Cr ratios were calculated and compared between cases and controls. The association of the metabolic ratios with the study groups was tested. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; After MRS processing and applying quality control criteria, 31 spectra from late-onset IUGR, 11 from SGA and 30 from AGA fetuses were selected for further analysis. Both SGA and late-onset IUGR fetuses showed significantly reduced NAA\/Cho levels when compared to AGA fetuses. This decrease followed a linear trend across the three clinical groups that were considered. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Both SGA and late-onset IUGR fetuses showed differences in MRS brain metabolic ratios. The findings suggest that despite near-normal perinatal outcomes, SGA fetuses are not constitutionally small and may represent a form of growth disorder that needs to be clarified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000365102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,11]],"date-time":"2014-08-11T07:15:07Z","timestamp":1407741307000},"page":"108-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Assessment of Fetal Brain Metabolism in Late-Onset \u2018Small for Gestational Age' versus \u2018Intrauterine Growth Restriction' Fetuses"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Sanz-Cortes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui 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